人大代表间接选举治理结构的实践逻辑及制度优化

Practical Logic and System Optimization of the Governance Structure of Indirect Election of Deputiesto the People s Congress

我国人大代表间接选举依托于人民代表大会会议制度,选举机构采取兼职主义模式和双层治理结构,在一定程度上满足了人大代表选举的实践需要。这一机构模式和治理结构组织类型多元、权力分散,不利于选举监督和管理权力集中、有效行使。人大主席团承办代表选举事务、“代表联络”与“代表选举”工作机构合署有碍选举中立。人大常委会、主席团议事机构的性质及其组织结构不适宜承办选举的具体事务,履行选举职责存在监督的制度性障碍。非常状态下,“人大筹备组”临时选举机构职能与其同时兼任的其他国家机构职能的区分、代表资格审查机构的存续问题在理论上需要进一步澄清。在“选举全过程监督”理念指导下,选举机构改革应朝着确立专职主义、综合性和常设化的发展方向。

The indirect election of deputies to the People s Congress in China relies on the conference system of People s Congress,and the election body adopts the part-time model and the two-tier governance structure,which to some extent meets the practical needs of the election of deputies to the People s Congress.This institutional model and governance structure have multiple organizational types and decentralized power,which is not conducive to the centralized and effective exercise of election supervision and management power.The nature and organizational structure of the deliberative organs of the Standing Committee and presidium of the People s congresses are not suitable for handling the specific affairs of elections,and there are institutional obstacles to the performance of electoral functions and responsibilities.Under the state of emergency,the distinction between the functions of the provisional electoral body of the preparatory Group of the People s Congress and the functions of other state organs concurrently,and the existence of the representative qualification examination body need to be further clarified theoretically.Under the guidance of the concept of“Supervision of the whole election process”,the reform of electoral institutions should establish the development direction of specialization,comprehensiveness and permanence.