电厂温排水对邻近海域水温和浮游动物群落的影响

Zooplankton Communities in the Adjacent Waters of Power Plant

本研究于2015年7月(夏季)和2016年1月(冬季)对电厂排水口邻近海域开展调查,监测研究了水温和浮游动物群落结构的分布情况,分析水温与浮游动物群落间的相关关系。结果表明,距排水口500 m范围温升低于1℃,距排水口1000 m范围以外的海域未受冷却水影响。夏季监测到浮游动物为68种,浮游幼虫38种,浮游幼体的种类数占36%>桡足类29%>水螅水母类16.04%。冬季浮游动物是40种,浮游幼虫15种,桡足类的种类数占47%>浮游幼体27%。浮游动物的优势种夏季有8种,主要优势种是钳形歪水蚤0.306;冬季有7种,关键优势种为小拟哲水蚤0.294。强额孔雀水蚤和蔓足类无节幼虫在夏季和冬季均是优势种。丰度和生物量夏季高于冬季,夏季在排水口附近1000 m内海域相对较小,而冬季自排水口向外逐渐减小。浮游动物的均匀度指数平均值冬季0.81大于夏季0.70,多样性指数夏季3.36大于冬季2.37,丰富度指数夏季4.21大于冬季3.62。夏季水温与丰度和生物量呈负相关,与各生物多样性指数均呈正相关。冬季水温与丰度和生物量均为极显著正相关,与多样性指数呈正相关,与均匀度和丰富度指数间是负相关。电厂温排水对邻近海域水温和浮游动物群落的影响范围在距排水口1000 m以内海域,浮游动物生物多样性较好。

The distribution of water temperature and zooplankton community structure were monitored and studied in July 2015(summer)and January 2016(winter).The relationship between water temperature and zooplankton community was analyzed.The increase of water temperature within 500 m away from the drain was less than 1℃,and the seawater was not affected beyond 1000 m.A total of 68 zooplankton taxa and 38 pelagic larvae were identified in summer.The proportions of species were in the order of planktonic larvae 36%>copepods 29%>hydromedusas 16.04%.There are 40 zooplankton taxa and 15 pelagic larvae in winter,and the proportions of species were copepods 47%>planktonic larvae27%.There were 8 dominant species in summer,and Tortanus forcipatus was the dominant species.There were 7 species in winter,and the key dominant species was Paracalanus parvus(0.294).Pavocalanus crassirostris and Cirripedia nauplius were dominant species in both summer and winter.Abundance and biomass were higher in summer than in winter.In summer,abundance and biomass was lower within 1000m from outfall,while in winter,they progressively decreased as the distance from outfall increased.Evenness index was higher in winter(0.81)than that in summer(0.70),diversity index was higher in summer(3.36)than that in winter(2.37),and richness index was higher in summer(4.21)than that in winter(3.62).Water temperature was negatively correlated with abundance and biomass,and positively correlated with biodiversity indices in summer.In winter,water temperature was positively correlated with abundance and biomass,positively correlated with diversity index,and negatively correlated with evenness and richness index.The influence range of warm drainage on the water temperature and zooplankton community was within 1000 m from the outlet,and biodiversity of zooplankton was positive.