主权与治理:阿甘本与福柯“生命政治”的模式差异与内在联结

Sovereignty and Government:The Model Difference and Internal Connection between Agamben and Foucault's"Biopolitics"

以往对福柯与阿甘本生命政治的比较研究皆致力于阐释福柯与阿甘本的理论差异,并认为阿甘本的生命政治理论是对福柯理论的背离,缺乏深入考察两人理论内在关联的研究。对他们的生命政治理论进行比较并考察阿甘本论及福柯的文本,可以发现福柯的生命政治理论是一种后现代微观政治哲学,他弃置了主权—法律的权力分析模式,关注治理的微观权力如何穿透主体。而阿甘本在福柯曾提及的传统政治哲学层面上拓展了生命政治理论的问题域,将生命政治与主权—法律联系起来,并通过对福柯“装置”概念的创造性诠释,将主权内化于治理当中,从而将自己的理论嫁接在福柯的理论之上。因此应当将阿甘本的生命政治理论视为对福柯理论的继承与发展,而非推翻与背离。

The previous comparative studies on the life politics of Foucault and Agamben are all devoted to explaining the theoretical differences between the two,and think that Agamben′s life politics theory is a deviation from Foucault′s theory,and lack of in-depth research on the internal relationship between the two theories.By comparing their life politics theories and examining Agamben′s texts on Foucault,we can find that Foucault′s life politics theory is a post-modern micro political philosophy.He abandoned the power analysis model of sovereignty and law and focused on how the micro power of governance penetrates the subject.On the level of traditional political philosophy mentioned by Foucault,Agamben expanded the problem field of life politics theory,connected life politics with sovereignty and law,and through the creative interpretation of Foucault′s concept of"device",internalized sovereignty into governance,thus grafting his own theory on Foucault′s theory.Therefore,Agamben′s theory of life politics should be regarded as the inheritance and development of Foucault′s theory,rather than the overthrow and departure.