新疆库尔勒香梨品质分析与评价

Quality analysis and evaluation of Korla fragrant pears in Xinjiang

目的 分析比较库尔勒香梨果实品质的区域差异,筛选核心评价指标,探讨果实品质综合评价方法 。方法 以新疆库尔勒市、轮台县、阿克苏市等8个县市95个果园的香梨为试验材料,分别测定可溶性固形物、可滴定酸等7项内在品质指标与单果质量、果形指数等8项外观品质指标;通过多元统计分析方法 筛选核心评价指标并建立综合评价模型,按照先内在品质、后外观品质的逐步评价法评价香梨的品质优劣。结果 香梨各产地间品质离散程度为3.81%~132.09%;对香梨的内在品质先行评价,通过主成分分析筛选出可溶性固形物、固酸比、硬度3项代表指标累计贡献率达到75.84%,对95个果园的香梨进行排名,对去除拖尾的35个果园后剩余的香梨进行外观评价,筛选出单果质量、b^(*)、果形指数3项外观指标累计贡献率达到79.07%,较全面地表达香梨品质的综合信息,结合聚类分析确定b^(*)、单果质量、固酸比和硬度作为香梨品质评价的核心评价指标。库车市、轮台县、尉犁县、库尔勒市的果园香梨综合品质表现优秀,沙雅县和阿克苏市的果园品质良好,阿瓦提县和新和县的果园综合品质中等。结论 筛选出的指标可综合反映库尔勒香梨的品质内涵,所建立的评价模型可作为香梨品质评价的重要参考。

Objective To analyze and compare the regional differences of Korla fragrant pear fruit quality, screen the core evaluation indexes, and explore the comprehensive evaluation method of fruit quality. Methods The fragrant pears from 95 orchards in 8 counties and cities including Korla City, Luntai County and Aksu City in Xinjiang were used as test materials. Seven internal quality indexes, such as soluble solid and titratable acid, and 8 external quality indexes, such as single fruit quality and fruit shape index, were determined. The quality of fragrant pear was evaluated by the stepwise evaluation method of internal quality first and external quality later. The core evaluation indicators were screened by multivariate statistical analysis method and a comprehensive evaluation model was established, and the quality of fragrant pears was evaluated according to the step-by-step evaluation method of first internal quality and second appearance quality. Results The quality dispersion degree of fragrant pears in different producing areas was 3.81%-132.09%;the internal quality of fragrant pears was evaluated first,and the cumulative contribution rate of three representative indicators of soluble solids, solid-acid ratio and hardness reached 75.84% by principal component analysis, the fragrant pears of 95 orchards were ranked, and the appearance of the remaining fragrant pears after removing the tails of 35 orchards was evaluated, and the 3 appearance indicators of single fruit quality, b^(*), and fruit shape index were screened out, their cumulative contribution rate reached 79.07%. The comprehensive information of quality of fragrant pear was expressed comprehensively, cluster analysis was used to determine b^(*), single fruit weight, solid acid ratio and hardness as the core evaluation indexes for quality evaluation of fragrant pear. The comprehensive quality of fragrant pear orchards in Kuqa City, Luntai County, Yuli County and Korla City was excellent, the quality of orchards in Shaya County and Aksu City was good, and the comprehensive quality of orchards in Awati County and Xinhe County was medium. Conclusion The selected indexes can comprehensively reflect the quality connotation of Korla fragrant pear, and the established evaluation model can be used as an important reference for the quality evaluation of fragrant pear.