丘陵山区养分管理对水稻产量、养分利用率及地力的影响

Effects of Nutrient Management on Rice Yield,Nutrient Use Efficiency and Soil Fertility in Hilly and Mountainous Areas

为对比重庆丘陵山区优化养分管理与传统施肥模式对水稻产量、养分利用率及培肥地力方面的影响,为今后调整施肥配比,达到减肥增效的目的。本研究基于2年定位试验,比较了常规施肥模式(CF)、优化养分管理模式(RF)以及相应缺素试验处理下水稻产量、产量构成、养分吸收利用率和土壤肥力。结果表明:(1)RF处理较CF处理增产9.6%,产投比提高27.9%。缺素试验表明,氮肥是保障水稻产量的关键因素。(2)RF处理较CF处理分别提高了8.0%、8.7%的水稻氮、钾吸收利用率。缺素试验表明,缺磷显著降低了水稻对氮的吸收(P<0.05)。RF模式较CF模式分别提高了1.28%、0.33%、22.77%的水稻氮、磷、钾吸收利用率,并且提高了5.02、5.39、17.80 kg·kg^(-1)的氮、磷、钾农学效率,并且提高了25.0%的偏生产力。(3)与试验前土壤比较,CF和RF 2种模式下土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾含量均呈不同程度降低,土壤有效磷含量上升。其中CF处理土壤有机质、碱解氮含量显著高于RF处理(P<0.05),速效钾、有效磷含量无显著差异。本研究中的优化养分管理模式在减少磷钾肥的基础上可保证产量,提高了水稻养分吸收利用率、农学效率及偏生产力,是一项能兼顾产量、养分高效利用的重要施肥措施。

In order to compare the effects of optimize nutrient management mode and traditional fertilization mode on rice yield,nutrient utilization ratio and fertility,and then to adjust fertilization ratio in the future in Chongqing hilly and mountainous areas,which can achieve the goal of reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency.Based on 2a location experiment was conducted to study the yield,nutrient use efficiency and soil fertility of conventional fertilization(CF),optimize nutrient management(RF)and their nutrient deficiency treatments.The results showed:(1)RF increased 9.6% rice yield and 27.9% production-input ratio compared with CF.Nutrient deficiency treatments showed that nitrogen fertilizer was the key factor of rice yield.(2)Compared with CF treatment,RF treatment increased N and K uptake by rice by 8.0% and 8.7%,respectively.Nutrient deficiency tests showed that phosphorus deficiency significantly decreased nitrogen uptake(P<0.05).Compared with CF,RF increased N,P and K uptake and utilization by 1.28%,0.33% and 22.77%,increased N,P and K agronomy efficiency 5.02 kg·kg^(-1),5.39 kg·kg^(-1),17.80 kg·kg^(-1),respectively,increased fertilizer partial factor productivity by 25%.(3)CF and RF treatments decreased organic matter,available nitrogen and available potassium,but increased available phosphorus in soil.The content of organic matter and available nitrogen in CF treatment was significantly higher than that in RF treatment(P<0.05).The contents of available potassium and available phosphorus had no significant difference.The optimize nutrient management mode in this study could guarantee the yield of rice on the basis of reducing P and k fertilizers,and improve the nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency,agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of rice,it is an important fertilization measure which can take into account the yield,use nutrients efficiently and benefit the environment protection.