移栽期对黑龙江烟区烤烟生长发育及烟碱含量的影响

Effects of Transplanting Period on Growth and Development of Flue-cured Tobacco and Meteorological Factors on Flue-cured Tobacco Nicotine in Heilongjiang Province

为探究移栽期对黑龙江烟区烟叶产量、品质等方面的影响以及确定最佳栽植时间,以‘中川208’和‘延安1号’为材料,研究不同移栽时间(5月1日、5月16日和5月31日)对烟草生长发育以及气象因素对于烤烟烟碱含量的影响。结果表明:不同移栽期对黑龙江烟草生育期、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、常规化学成分和光合参数有一定影响,对农艺、经济性状有显著影响;随移栽期推迟,部分试验烤烟叶片长宽增大,大田生育期延长,叶面积指数、产量、产值和上中等烟比率呈增长趋势,光合参数和叶绿素含量呈先下降后上升的趋势,大部分试验烤烟烟碱、总糖、还原糖含量显著下降,氯、钾、总氮含量、糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比呈上升趋势。由各气象因素与烤烟烟碱的相关性分析得出,‘中川208’的烟碱含量与下部叶、中部叶采收期日照时数呈显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)负相关;‘延安1号’则是与团棵期降水量呈显著(P<0.05)负相关。综合分析表明,黑龙江烟区适宜的移栽期范围是5月16日—5月31日。其中,‘中川208’最佳移栽时间是5月16日,‘延安1号’最佳移栽时间是5月31日。

In order to explore the effect of transplanting period on yield and quality of tobacco leaves in Heilongjiang Province and determine the best planting time.‘Zhongchuan 208’and‘Yan'an 1#’were used as materials to study the effects of different transplanting times(May 1,May 16 and May 31)on the growth and development of tobacco and meteorological factors on flue-cured tobacco nicotinamide.The results showed that different transplanting periods had certain effects on the growth period,leaf area index,chlorophyll content,conventional chemical components and photosynthetic parameters of Heilongjiang tobacco,and had significant effects on agronomic and economic characters.With the delay of transplanting period,the length and width of some experimental flue-cured tobacco leaves increased,the field growth period was prolonged,leaf area index,yield,output value and upper medium tobacco rate showed an increasing trend,photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll content showed a trend of first decreased and then increased,and the contents of nicotine,total sugar and reducing sugar of most experimental flue-cured tobacco were significantly decreased.The contents of chlorine,total potassium nitrogen,sugar base ratio,nitrogen base ratio and potassium chloride ratio showed an increasing trend.The correlation analysis between meteorological factors and flue-cured tobacco nicotine showed that the nicotine content of‘Zhongchuan 208’was significantly(P<0.05)and extremely significant(P<0.01)with the sunshine in the lower and middle harvesting periods negative correlation;The precipitation of‘Yanan 1#’was negative correlation significantly correlated with the Resettling Growth Stage(P<0.05).The comprehensive analysis showed that the suitable transplanting period in Heilongjiang tobacco area was from May 16 to 31.Among them,the best transplanting time of‘Zhongchuan 208’was May 16,and the best transplanting time of'Yanan 1#'was May 31.