2种彩叶植物穿孔病病原菌的形态学鉴定及室内药剂筛选

Morphological Identification and Indoor Chemical Screening of Pathogenic Bacteria of Two Species of Coleus Perforating Disease

为了对紫叶李和红叶碧桃褐斑穿孔病进行有效防治,对该病害进行了形态学鉴定及室内药剂筛选。选取唐山市大钊公园和西外环绿化带区域内的紫叶李和红叶碧桃病叶,对褐斑穿孔病病原菌进行分离和纯化,通过插片法和显微形态观察法进行形态学鉴定,测定了6种农药对该病原菌的抑制作用。结果显示:从紫叶李分离到2株病原菌,为Z1和Z2;从红叶碧桃中也分离到2株病原菌,为B1和B2。根据病原菌形态特征,初步确定分离所得的4株病原菌均为链格孢属(Alternaria)真菌。50倍1.2%辛菌胺醋酸盐AS对4株菌株的抑制效果较好,抑制率达97%以上;500倍80%多菌灵WP和500倍16%苯甲·中生WP对菌株B1和B2抑制效果较好,抑制率达96%以上。在试验中,6种农药均未对2种植物产生药害。由试验结果可知,防治紫叶李和红叶碧桃褐斑穿孔病可优先使用50倍1.2%辛菌胺醋酸盐AS,为降低抗药性形成,可交替使用其他不同作用的杀菌剂品种。

In order to effectivelly control the brown spot perfortion disease of Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.var.atropurpurea Jacq and Prunus persica cv.atropurea-plena,the morphological identification and indoor chemical screening of the disease were carried out in this paper.The diseased leaves of Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.var.atropurpurea Jacq and Prunus persica cv.atropurea-plena in Dazhao Park and the green belt of the West Outer Ring of Tangshan City were selected to isolate and purify the pathogenic bacteria of brown spot perforation.Morphological identification was carried out by inserting method and microscopic morphological observation method,the inhiibitory effect of 6 pesticides on the pathogen was determined.The results showed that two pathogenic bacteria were isolated from Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.var.atropurpurea Jacq,named D1 and D2;two pathogenic bacteria were also isolated from Prunus persica cv.atropurea-plena,named B1 and B2.According to the morphological characteristics of the pathogenic bacteria,it was preliminarily determined that the four isolated pathogenic bacteria were all Alternaria fungi.50 times of 1.2% octylamine acetate AS had better inhibitory effect on 4 strains,and the inhibition rste was over 97%;500 times 80% carbendazim WP and 500 times 16% benzenyl·zhongsheng WP had better inhibitory effet on strains B1 and B2,and the inhibition rate was more than 96%.In the test,none of the 6 pesticides caused phytotoxicity to the 2 plants.Form the test results,it could be seen that 50 times of 1.2%octylamine acetate AS could be used preferentially for the control of Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.var.atropurpurea Jacq and Prunus persica cv.atropurea-plena brown spot perforation.In order to reduce the formation of drug resistance,other fungicides with different functions can be used alternately.