推进农业绿色高质量发展的政策研究及实践启示

Promoting High-quality Agricultural Green Development:Policy Research and Practice Enlightenment

农业绿色发展关系着整个生态环境资源保护和可持续发展,同时又是美化农村人居环境、推动新农村建设的重要途径。本研究通过调研分析国内外农业绿色发展的建设情况,直面中国农业绿色发展面临的严峻形势,提出推进农业绿色高质量发展的建议,旨在为“十四五”时期农业绿色发展的战略布局提供信息支撑。本研究综合使用文献调研、计量分析、专家咨询等方法,对美国、欧盟、澳大利亚、荷兰、日本等发达国及中国的农业绿色发展的模式和路径进行深入分析。研究结果表明,美国等发达国家通过一系列举措形成了农业绿色发展卓有成效的发展理念和道路,其在分子育种等领域拥有领先的尖端技术。中国的农业绿色发展经过30余年的政策演进和路径实践,也已形成了典型的、可推广、可借鉴的农业绿色发展模式体系,但目前中国农业仍面临着资源约束趋紧、面源污染严重、生态问题突出、绿色农产品区域供给差异明显、保障体系有待健全等严峻形势。结合国际发展经验和中国国情,提出优化农业主体功能、推动资源保护高效利用、净化产地环境、促进生态系统养护修复、驱动绿色供给、健全绿色农产品市场评价标准和补贴制度体系等推进农业绿色高质量发展的建议。

Agricultural green development is related to the protection and sustainable development of the entire ecological environment and resources,at the same time,it is an important way to beautify the rural human settlement environment and promote the construction of a new countryside.This paper analyzes the situation of agricultural green development at home and abroad through investigation and analysis,confronts the severe situation facing China’s agricultural green development,and puts forward suggestions for promoting the high-quality agricultural green development,aiming to provide information support for the strategic layout of green development of agriculture during the‘14th Five-Year Plan’period.Literature research,quantitative analysis,expert consultation and other methods were comprehensively used to conduct in-depth analysis of the pattern and path of agricultural green development in the United States,the European Union,Australia,the Netherlands,Japan and other developed countries and China.The research results show that the United States and other developed countries have formed a fruitful development concept and path for agricultural green development through a series of measures.They have cutting-edge technologies in molecular breeding and other fields.The agricultural green development in China has undergone more than 30 years of policy evolution and path practice,which has also formed a typical,extendable and referential agricultural green development model system.But currently,China’s agriculture is still facing tightening resource constraints,serious nonpoint source pollution,prominent ecological problems,obvious regional supply differences of green agricultural products,and a guarantee system that needs to be improved.The situation is pressing.Combining international development experience and China’s national conditions,suggestions were put forward on optimizing the main functions of agriculture,promoting resource protection and efficient use,purifying the environment of production areas,promoting ecosystem conservation and restoration,driving green supply,and improving market evaluation standards and subsidy systems for green agricultural products to high-quality agricultural green development.