凉山彝区防止返贫的困境与对策

The Dilemma and Countermeasures of Preventing the Recurrence of Poverty in the Liangshan Yi Area

十八大以来,在党和国家的高度重视下,凉山彝区脱贫攻坚成绩斐然。2020年,凉山彝区10县区域性整体贫困问题全面消除。为了巩固彝区脱贫成果,守住不发生规模性返贫底线,推进彝区乡村振兴,实现彝区农业稳产、农民稳收、农村稳定,本文主要从凉山彝区的社会发育程度低、自然环境恶劣、交通发展滞后、公共基础薄弱、市场发展缓慢、内生动力缺乏等详细地分析了制约凉山彝区持久脱贫的困境因素;并就防止凉山彝区规模性返贫的困境因素,首先从政策、产业和互助合作方面对已有的主要帮扶措施进行了优化与健全,其次,从构建与完善保障督查、政策联动、内生动力激发、贫困文化消解、禁毒防艾和监测评估等机制方面提出了防止凉山彝区规模性返贫的对策建议。

Poverty was once a tall mountain that the people of Liangshan Yi District could not cross,and it was a spiritual shackle for the people there.However,since the 18th National Congress of the CPC,a proverbial spring breeze of targeted poverty alleviation has bathed the land of Liangshan as scheduled.The Liangshan Yi area started the battle to eradicate poverty according to plan.Findings indicate that after eight years of hard work,Liangshan Yi District has made remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation.By the end of 2020,Liangshan has reduced poverty by more than one million people:all 2072 poor villages have been lifted out of poverty,and all 10 deeply impoverished counties in the Yi area have been lifted out of poverty.So far,the overall regional poverty in the Liangshan Yi area has been eliminated.The people of Liangshan Yi area finally got rid of the poverty yoke on their shoulders and got rid of the“fate”of poverty.While demonstrating a correct strategy,accurate measures,effective achievements,and valuable experience,the poverty alleviation in the Liangshan Yi area has also exposed many difficulties faced by sustainable poverty alleviation programs.To consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation in the Yi area and realize the people s poverty eradication and prosperity in the Liangshan Yi area,this paper analyzes in detail dilemmas that apparently restrict sustainable poverty eradication in the Liangshan Yi area such as a low degree of social development,poor living conditions,lagging traffic development,weak public facilities,slow market economy development,backward ideas,the proliferation of drugs,the prevalence of AIDS,and a lack of self-motivation.At the same time,because of the difficult factors of preventing poverty return in the Liangshan Yi area,this study firstly recommends that one should optimize and improve the existing assistance measures during the poverty eradication in the Liangshan Yi area.Secondly,this paper puts forward other countermeasures and suggestions to prevent a return into poverty through establishing and improving the strategic guarantee mechanism,the policy linkage mechanism,fully stimulating self-motivation,eliminating a culture of poverty,doing a good job in anti-drug and HIV/AIDS prevention,and constructing a monitoring and evaluation mechanism.Findings further reveal that assistance is an important external force to prevent Yi areas from relapsing into to poverty,but the effective means to eradicate poverty and become rich includes the following:1)To fully break the vicious cycle of negative thinking and promote hope and self-motivation among the people in Yi areas;2)give full play to their enthusiasm,initiative,and creativity,3)eliminate some of their old or improper habits which might negatively influence their development as well as lazy thoughts of“waiting to rely on others”;4)stimulate their willingness to take initiative to“seek change and pursue wealth”;and 5)cultivate their sense of wealth and competition so as to get rid of poverty and become affluent.