近30年深圳湾红树林群落演变过程及其对人类活动的响应

Evolution Process of Mangrove Forests in Shenzhen Bay and Its Response to Human Activities

红树林群落是独特且重要的生态系统,近年来在人类活动的影响下发生了明显的时空变化。本研究利用长序列卫星遥感数据研究了过去30年间深圳湾红树林群落的演变过程,并结合实测地形资料,分析了人类活动对红树林群落的影响。研究结果表明:深圳湾红树林群落面积从1988年的259.6 hm2快速增加至2017年的527.1 hm2,但面积变化存在显著时空差异。香港米铺保护区内红树林面积持续增加,占红树林面积总增加量的81.8%,而福田保护区内红树林面积则在毁林和人工补种影响下表现出先减小、后增加的变化特点。深圳湾围垦工程实施后内湾淤积明显,通过创造额外适宜滩地促进了红树林群落向海扩张,而深圳河治理工程实施后入海水沙通量改变导致内湾发生冲淤调整,进一步对红树林群落分布产生影响。相关分析显示深圳湾围垦工程和深圳河治理工程可以分别解释了78.4%和8.5%的红树林面积增加。

Mangrove forests are unique and essential ecosystems which have exhibited pronounced spatiotemporal variations owing to human activities in recent years.By integrating long-term remote sensing data with measured bathymetric data,the current study investigates the evolution process of mangrove forests in Shenzhen Bay in the recent 30 years,and analyzes the impact of human activities on mangrove forests.The results show that the mangrove forests in Shenzhen Bay increased rapidly from 259.6 hm2 in 1988 to 527.1 hm2 in 2017.However,significant spatial and temporal variations were found in the area extent change of mangrove forests,of which the mangrove area in the Mai Po reserve steadily increased,accounting for 81.8%of the total mangroves gain.While the area of mangrove forests in the Futian reserve first decreased and then subsequently increased under the impacts of deforestation and reforestation.The implementation of the Shenzhen Bay Reclamation Project favored shoal deposition,which contributed to mangrove forests seaward expansion by providing additional suitable accommodation space.In addition,the morphological adjustments in the Shenzhen Inner Bay caused by altered water and sediment regimes after the implementation of the Shenzhen River Regulation Project have further influence on the mangroves distribution.Correlation analysis showed that the Shenzhen Bay Reclamation Project and Shenzhen River Regulation Project explained 78.4%and 8.5%of total mangroves gain respectively.