中国农业水权交易的驱动机制分类研究

A Study of the Classification of Driving Mechanisms of Agricultural Water Rights Trading in China

我国农业水权市场发展迅速,但目前农业水权交易的数量和规模均较小,农业水权交易局限在部分区域。揭示农业水权交易的驱动机制对建设活跃的农业水权市场具有重要意义。农业水权交易的驱动机制尚缺乏系统的分类方法,不能有效判别农业水权交易驱动机制的类型和特征。为此,从农业水权交易主体的交易需求和交易激励两个角度构建了农业水权交易的驱动机制分类框架。将交易需求分为水权分配差异需求、灌溉用水差异需求、生态恢复需求和经济发展需求四类。将交易激励分为水权约束激励、用水成本节约激励和水权回购激励三类。组合交易需求和交易激励得到九种农业水权交易驱动机制类型。基于该方法分析了我国农业水权交易典型案例的驱动特征,进而梳理了农业内部水权交易和行业间农业水权交易的驱动路径。结果表明,水权约束型农业水权交易的行政成本较高,仅适用于水生态严重恶化地区。水权回购型农业水权交易因财政压力较大而难以持续。成本节约型农业水权交易能产生足够的经济激励,是最有发展潜力的农业水权交易类型。该研究可深化对我国农业水权市场的认识,可为进一步定量研究农业水权交易的驱动机制和交易潜力提供基础,为不同区域建设适宜的农业水权市场提供参考。

China’s agricultural water rights market has developed rapidly,but the number and scale of agricultural water rights transactions are small,and agricultural water rights transactions are limited to some areas.Revealing the driving mechanism of agricultural water rights trading(AWRT)is of great significance for building an active agricultural water rights market.The driving mechanism of AWRT still lacks a systematic classification method,therefore the type and characteristics of the driving mechanism of AWRT cannot be effectively judged.A classification framework of the driving mechanism of AWRT is constructed from the two perspectives of transaction demand and transaction incentives of transaction subjects.The transaction demand is divided into four categories:the water rights allocation difference demand,the irrigation water use difference demand,the ecological restoration demand and the economic development demand.The transaction incentive is divided into three categories:the water rights constraint incentive,the water use cost saving incentive and the water rights buy-back incentive.A combination of transaction demand and transaction incentives yields nine types of AWRT driving mechanisms.Based on this method,the driving characteristics of typical cases of AWRT in China are analyzed.In addition,the driving path of intra-agricultural water rights trading and inter-industry AWRT is sorted out.The results show that the administrative cost of the water rights constraint type AWRT is high,and this type is only applicable to areas where water ecology has seriously deteriorated.Water rights repurchase type AWRT is difficult to sustain due to big financial pressure.Cost-saving type AWRT can generate sufficient economic incentives,which has the biggest development potential.This study can deepen the understanding of China′s AWRT,and provide a basis for further quantitative research on the driving mechanism and trading potential of AWRT.It can also provide a reference for the construction of suitable agricultural water rights markets in different regions.