精神病人角色的适应与重构

Adaptation and Reconstruction of the Role of Mental Patients

生物医学中,精神病人作为干预帮扶的对象和被动的客体,其话语表达与主体行动常常被忽视。通过对35名精神病人的深度访谈和观察发现,精神病人在日常生活中呈现出适应角色和重构角色两种生存策略。适应角色表现为接纳医学治疗及康复、认识并享受疾病带来的额外获益。重构角色表现为语言上利己的病因解释、行动上顺应社会期待的多种努力,以期解构社会污名及结构性压力。精神病人通过外化归因、文化归因、隐蔽化的表述形式对疾病进行建构和解释,采用规避、过渡、互惠策略展开日常行动。

Mental patients whose discourse expression and subjective action are often neglected,are the intervened objects of assistance and passive objects in biomedicine.It was found that mental patients present two survival strategies of adaptive and reconstructed roles in daily life through in-depth interviews and observations with 35 mental patients.The adaptive role is shown as accepting medical treatment and rehabilitation,recognizing and enjoying the additional gains from the disease.In order to deconstruct social stigma and structural pressure,the reconstruction role is manifested as the causal explanation of linguistic self-interest and various efforts to conform to social expectations.Mental patients construct diseases through the form of external attribution,cultural attribution and concealment,using avoidance,transition,and reciprocal strategies to conduct daily actions.