乳化炸药油相组分检测方法研究现状

Research status of detection methods for oil phase components of emulsion explosives

以乳化炸药中的复合油相为分析对象,综合评述红外光谱法、气相色谱–质谱法、液相色谱法、多维色谱法、荧光光谱法等方法对油相中油类物质、蜡类物质、复合蜡、表面活性剂等组分的检测应用。传统气相色谱–质谱法分析油蜡物质需要预分离处理,分离能力较强。多维色谱法进一步提高了分离能力,但仍不能完全分离油蜡中各组分。红外光谱法能识别动植物油蜡。液相色谱法、荧光光谱法结合化学计量学方法多用于检测芳烃。探讨了复合蜡的物理化学分析方法。表面活性剂作为乳化炸药最重要的成分,使用液相色谱法检测更适合。

Taking the composite oil phase in emulsion explosives as the analysis object,comprehensive review of infrared spectroscopy,gas chromatography–mass spectrometry,liquid chromatography,multidimensional chromatography,fluorescence spectroscopy and other methods for the detection and analysis of oil substances,wax substances,composite waxes,surfactants and other components in the oil phase.Traditional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of oil and wax substances requires pre-separation treatment,and the separation ability is strong.Multidimensional chromatography has further improved the separation ability,but still cannot completely separate the components in the oil wax.Infrared spectroscopy can identify animal and vegetable oil and waxes.Liquid chromatography,fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods are mostly used to detect aromatic hydrocarbons.The physical and chemical analysis methods of compound wax were discussed.As the most important component of emulsion explosives,surfactant is more suitable for detection by liquid chromatography.