2017年8月9日精河M_(S)6.6地震宏观烈度及其余震分布的断层气体地球化学表征

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FAULT GAS IN MACRO-SEISMIC INTENSITY AND AFTERSHOCK DISTRIBUTION OF JINGHE M_(S)6.6 EARTHQUAKE ON AUGUST 9,2017

2017年8月9日7时27分52秒,新疆博尔塔拉州精河县发生M_(S)6.6地震,震中位于库松木契克山前断裂的东段。为研究精河M_(S)6.6地震后其周边断裂的活动特征,对库松木契克山前断裂及博罗科努-阿其克库都克断裂精河段开展跨断层土壤逸出气体Rn、H_(2)、CO_(2)的浓度测量。结果表明:1)土壤气体Rn、CO_(2)和H_(2)的浓度有较好的一致性,高值出现在断层附近,多呈现明显的单峰特征。2)Rn、CO_(2)和H_(2)浓度在空间上有明显的分段特征,从西向东浓度值逐渐增大,主震和余震集中区附近达到最高值,博罗科努-阿其克库都克断裂精河段的土壤气浓度达到最低值。3)Rn、CO_(2)的浓度异常强度有很好的一致性,两者的高、低值分布区域与H_(2)基本相反。余震集中的区域也是断层活动增强的区域,随着余震的发生,应力增加,岩石的渗透性减小,使得不能参与扩散和对流等迁移活动的Rn被CO_(2)从地下深部携带至地表,这能解释Rn和CO_(2)出现同步异常的原因;H_(2)主要被封存于深部的岩石孔隙和裂隙中,地震发生后,岩石中的孔隙受到破坏,H_(2)迅速逃逸到浅部或大气中。一方面,随着余震的发生来自浅部气藏的H_(2)量越来越少;另一方面,岩石中因化学反应产生的H_(2)生成量随断层活动性的降低而下降。4)土壤气Rn、CO_(2)和H_(2)的浓度大小与余震分布和地震宏观烈度有较好的一致性,及时在震区和外围区域开展土壤气体地球化学观测是震后趋势判定的一种有效手段和方法,也可把跨断层土壤气体的浓度作为地震宏观烈度评定的重要补充资料。

An M_(S)6.6 earthquake struck Jinghe County,Boltala Prefecture,Xinjiang at 7:27:52 am on August 9,2017,with the epicenter located in the eastern section of the Cusongmuqike piedmont fault.In order to study the activity characteristics of the faults around Jinghe after the M_(S)6.6 earthquake,the field survey and selection of the Cusongmuqike piedmont fault and the Jinghe section of the Bolokenu-Aqikekuduke Fault were carried out from October 18 to November 3,2017.Mobile monitoring of soil gas geochemistry was carried out at 191 survey points respectively on 12 survey lines of Cusongmuqike piedmont fault and two survey lines on the Jinghe section of Bolokenu-Aqikekuduke Fault,and the concentrations of Rn,H_(2) and CO_(2) emitted from soil across the fault were observed.The results show that:1)The concentrations of soil gases Rn,CO_(2) and H_(2) were consistent,and the high values appeared near the faults,with obvious single-peak characteristics.2)The concentration of Rn,CO_(2) and H_(2) increased gradually from west to east and reached the highest value near the main shock and aftershock areas,and the concentration of soil gas reached the lowest value in the Jinghe section of the Bolokenu-Aqikekuduke Fault.3)There is a good consistency between Rn and CO_(2) concentration anomaly intensity,and the distribution regions of both are basically opposite to H_(2) concentration anomaly intensity.The high values of soil gas Rn and CO_(2) anomaly intensity mainly concentrated in the west of the epicenter area of Jinghe M_(S)6.6 earthquake(line 7,8,9 and 10 area),which was the aftershock concentration area,and the lowest value of H_(2) anomaly intensity appeared in this area.Reason may be that the aftershock concentration area was also the fault activity enhancement area,with the occurrence of aftershocks,stress increased,the permeability of rock decreased,and the gas in fault pores released sustainedly,causing the concentration change of gases emitted from fault.Since Rn cannot participate in the migration activities such as diffusion and convection,it was brought to the surface from deep underground carried by CO_(2),this could explain the abnormal synchronization of Rn and CO_(2).Hydrogen,as the element with the smallest particle size,lightest mass,fastest migration speed and strongest penetration,mainly comes from the trapped hydrogen in the pores and fissures of deep rock.After the earthquake,the pores in the rock were damaged,and hydrogen rapidly emitted to the shallow part or atmosphere.On the one hand,with the occurrence of aftershocks,the amount of H_(2) from shallow gas reservoirs was decreasing.On the other hand,the generation of H_(2) produced by chemical reactions in rocks decreased with the decrease of fault activity.The measurement was done more than 70 days after the occurrence of the main shock,during which the activity of strong aftershocks tended to end and the activity of the fault also weakened.4)Concentrations of soil gas Rn,CO_(2) and H_(2) have a good consistency with the distribution of aftershocks and the macroseismic intensity,so,carrying out in a timely manner the soil gas geochemical observation is an effective means and method for earthquake trend judgment,soil gas geochemical observation in and around the earthquake area is a kind of effective means and methods for earthquake trend judgement,and the cross-fault soil gas concentrations can also be used as an important supplement to the macroseismic intensity evaluation.