水体生化需氧量、生物毒性及其一体化检测技术进展

The development of water biochemical oxygen demand,biological toxicity and its integrated detection technology

随着国家对环境问题的不断重视,我国水污染状况已有了较大的改善,但为了进一步优化水质并使污水处理厂能够达标排放,水质检测是必要工作.由于在面对污、废水冲击时微生物的理化响应速度较快,因此与微生物相关的水质检测指标通常可以较好地反映出废水特性.本文围绕微生物理化指标,以常见的生化需氧量(biochemical oxygen demand,BOD)、水体生物毒性及其一体化检测方法为探究对象.依次总结了包括传统BOD检测方法、微生物传感器法、微生物燃料电池法以及活性污泥曝气降解法在内的BOD检测技术,以发光细菌、鱼类及藻类等不同营养级生物为主的毒性检测技术,并对以上技术的优缺点进行分析与总结.在综合分析的基础上提出BOD和生物毒性一体化检测技术在实际应用中具有较大发展前景并对技术研究方向进行展望.

With the continuous attention of the state to environmental problems,the water pollution situation in China has been greatly improved,but in order to further optimize the water quality and make the sewage treatment plant discharge up to the standard,water quality detection is necessary.Because microorganisms have the fastest response to the impact of sewage and wastewater,the water quality indicators related to microorganisms usually can better reflect the characteristics of wastewater.In this paper,the common biochemical oxygen demand(BOD),water biotoxicity and their integrated detection methods at home and abroad are studied,and the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies are analyzed and summarized.On the basis of comprehensive analysis,the integrated detection technology of the BOD and biotoxicity has a great development prospect in practical application,and the research direction of the technology is prospected.