大气微塑料的分析方法、赋存特征和迁移规律研究进展

Occurrence characteristics,migration,and methodological progress of microplastic in the atmosphere

微塑料可以进入土壤、淡水、海洋和大气环境,并在不同环境之间动态循环.近期许多研究表明微塑料可以随大气运动进行远距离运输.本文通过文献调研,对大气中微塑料常用的分析方法、物理化学特征、污染来源和迁移规律进行系统性的梳理.结果表明,目前微塑料的表征手段以光谱分析辅助视觉分析法为主.研究区域集中在大型城市及其近郊,形状以纤维和碎片为主,大小主要分布在500μm以下,颜色以黑、白、透明为主,化合物类型与环境中污染物来源直接相关.大气微塑料的主要来源是纺织品和大块塑料的老化破碎,研究中主要采用HYSPLIT后向轨迹模型,利用气象数据计算污染物迁移路径,来推测其排放源.目前对于大气微塑料研究刚刚起步,研究体系尚未确立,急需确立采样方式和定量分析标准规则,建立高效、低成本的研究方法.

Microplastics enter soil,freshwater,marine,and atmospheric habitats,where they circulate actively amongst them.Several recent investigations have discovered that microplastics can travel considerable distances in the atmosphere.However,currently research on atmospheric microplastics is in its early stages,with no study framework in place.It is therefore necessary to develop efficient and low-cost research techniques,as well as sample procedures and standard criteria for quantitative analysis.in this study the analysis methodologies,physical and chemical characteristics,pollution sources,and migration laws of microplastics were comprehensively reviewed in the atmosphere of large cities and suburbs using various literature statistics.The results reveal that spectral analysis assisted visual analysis is the primary approach of microplastic characterization.The microplastics found were primarily fiber and debris,with a size distribution of less than 500μm and a color range of black,white,and translucent.The sources of microplastic pollutants in the environment are thought to be directly tied to compound type,such as textiles,as well as the ageing and shattering of large plastics.Where,the migratory path of pollutants and the source of emissions were detect using widely practiced HYSPLIT backward trajectory model using meteorological data.