直升机旋翼鸟撞研究现状与展望

Research status and advances in bird strike of helicopter rotor

直升机通过旋翼产生升力并实现飞行操纵,旋翼部件一旦发生失效,将会产生灾难性的后果,而鸟撞是直升机低空飞行特点下的典型事故。因此,有必要关注直升机旋翼的鸟撞动力学过程及其损伤失效行为。本研究结合适航规章和国家军用标准要求分析了直升机旋翼鸟撞的特点及研究意义,综述了近年来直升机旋翼鸟撞的试验研究,分析旋翼鸟撞的模型表征方法,总结旋翼鸟撞的数值模拟技术,并介绍了旋翼抗鸟撞优化及鸟撞预防策略,最后对直升机旋翼鸟撞研究的未来发展进行了展望,为直升机旋翼工程设计提供技术支持。

Rotor,a key component of the helicopter,provides lift and flight control,and failure occurrence of which could lead to disastrous accidents.As bird strike is the typical accident for helicopters resulting from its low altitude flight,it is necessary to investigate the dynamic process of bird strike and its damage failure behavior.Based on the requirements of airworthiness regulations and national military standards for helicopters,this paper first analyzes the characteristics of bird strike on helicopter rotor and the significance of relevant research.Subsequently,the investigations on experiments,model characterization methods and numerical simulation technologies of bird strike on helicopter rotor are reviewed and summarized.The bird strike resistance optimization methods and prevention strategies of helicopter rotor are also introduced.Finally,the future developments of research onbird strike of helicopter rotor are predicted.This review would provide technical supports for engineering design of helicopter rotor.