文化生产视野下的高考与现代性际遇——以保罗·威利斯《在中国寻觅现代性踪迹》为中心的考察

College Entrance Examination and Modernity Encountering under the Vision of Cultural Production——Exploration Centered on Paul Villis’Being Modern in China

在新著《在中国寻觅现代性踪迹》中,保罗·威利斯延续文化生产的分析视野,以高考为节点区分了两类底层群体——“闯过独木桥的人”和“不走高考这条路的人”,并据此解析教育与现代性体验的内在连接。两类群体以不同的方式进入城市,生产出迥异的符号秩序和现代性际遇。“闯过独木桥的人”长期受分数定义,形成一种深层焦虑,所要付出的代价是“迟到的现代性”。而“不走高考这条路的人”尽管承受学业失败的痛苦,却也得以自主地体验现代性。但中国人现代性际遇的现实图景要比两类群体的区分更加复杂,性别、民族以及“个体化转型”在中国人现代性体验中的位置尚未得到充分关照。中国人的现代性际遇是传统与现代的碰撞之旅,也是跨越不同经验秩序边界的收获、代价与风险并存之旅。

In Paul Willis’s new book Being modern in China,he continues to adopt a framework of cultural production,while taking the college entrance examination as an entry,distinguishes two kinds of grassroots groups,which are“G-Routers”and“Non-G-Routers”.He analyzed the internal connection between education and modernity experience accordingly.The two groups enter the city in different ways,producing different symbolic order and modern opportunities.The“G-Routers”were defined by scores for a long time and thus formulate a kind of profound anxiety,sacrifice kind of“delayed modernity”.The“Non-G-Routers”although have suffered from pain resulted by academic failure,they have to experience modernity with their own autonomy.However,the realistic picture of the modern encounter of Chinese people is more complicated than the distinction between the two groups,and the position of gender,ethnicity and“individualized transformation”in the modernity experience of Chinese people have not been fully acknowledged.The modern encounter of the Chinese people is a process for the collision between tradition and modernity,and also a process combining harvest,costs and risks which traverse boundaries of different empirical orders.