中国特殊健康状态儿童疫苗接种研究进展

Research progress on vaccination of children with medical conditions in China

从疫苗接种的角度,特殊健康状态可定义为正处于或曾处于某种生理或病理状态,可能增加罹患疫苗可预防疾病的风险或严重程度,对接种特定疫苗的安全性和有效性可能产生影响,需要进行评估以给予接种建议的情形。受诸多因素影响,特殊健康状态儿童往往存在疫苗迟种、漏种情况,增加了罹患相应疫苗可预防疾病的风险。这些儿童的疫苗接种是监护人和接种医生都十分关切的问题,日益成为免疫规划工作的挑战之一。本文对中国特殊健康状态儿童的疫苗接种现状、影响因素、接种原则和指导意见、预防接种服务模式等方面的研究进行综述,为进一步做好特殊健康状态儿童疫苗接种工作提供参考。

Children with medical conditions are children that have specific physiological or disease states that may increase risk of infection or severity of vaccine preventable disease and have an impact on the safety and effectiveness of vaccination,and that generally require evaluation prior to vaccination.Children with medical conditions often have significant delays in vaccination and may miss vaccination completely due to uncertainty whether to vaccinate.Delayed and missed vaccinations result in increased risk of acquiring vaccine preventable diseases.Vaccination of children with medical conditions is therefore a significant challenge for the National Immunization Program and also a major concern to both parents and vaccination service providers.In this article,we summarize vaccination status,influencing factors,current vaccination principles and guidelines,and vaccination service patterns of children with medical conditions in China in recent years,with the intent of providing reference for vaccination of children with medical conditions in China.