水痘疫苗的发展历程

Development of varicella vaccine

水痘减毒活疫苗单独接种和与麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗(Measles,mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,MMR)联合免疫均能提供对水痘的有效保护。麻腮风水痘联合减毒活疫苗(Measles,mumps,rubella and varicella combined attenuated live vaccine,MMRV)的免疫效果非劣效于两种疫苗的单独或联合免疫。各国已广泛采用2剂次水痘免疫程序,其保护效果优于1剂次免疫程序且减少了水痘突破病例。本文阐述了水痘减毒活疫苗和MMRV的研发历程、免疫原性和安全性,以及水痘减毒活疫苗生产工艺革新和新型水痘疫苗技术路线,为水痘疫苗的研发和应用提供参考。

Varicella attenuated live vaccine,administered as a standalone vaccine or simultaneously with measles,mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine(MMR),provides effective protection against varicella.The immune effect of measles,mumps,rubella,and varicella combined attenuated live vaccine(MMRV)is non-inferior to standalone varicella vaccine and simultaneous administration of varicella vaccine and MMR vaccine.A two-dose varicella immunization schedule,which is used in many countries,provides better protection than a one-dose schedule and is associated with fewer varicella breakthrough cases.In this article,we review the development process,immunogenicity,and safety of varicella attenuated live vaccine and MMRV,the technological innovation of varicella attenuated live vaccine,and technical routes for new varicella vaccines to provide reference for development and use of varicella vaccines.