旅游卡口环境承载力提升策略研究——以故宫御花园为例

Research on Strategy for Improving Environmental Carrying Capacity of Heritage Site—Taking the Imperial Garden in the Imperial Palace as an Example

御花园是古典宫廷园林的杰出代表,长期繁重的观光活动已成为其遗产保护的潜在威胁,适宜性提升园林旅游环境承载力是解决当前问题的关键环节。以御花园园林环境提升工程为例,运用实地调查、实证研究等方法,基于状态空间模型,综合资源环境、服务设施及社会环境3个子系统内影响旅游环境承载力的特征要素,构建了御花园环境承载力评价模型,调查并计算了2014~2019年的承载力及承载水平。结果显示:2014~2016年御花园为低承载水平,2017~2019年转为中等承载水平,即临界承载状态。御花园旅游环境承载力受生态及遗产资源制约,景观保护、空间利用、设施提升等措施对其承载状态起正向促进作用。研究可为维护文化遗产旅游卡口的可持续发展的策略制定提供参考。

The Imperial Garden is an outstanding representative of the classical palace gardens.The long-term heavy tourism activities have become a potential threat to its heritage protection.The suitable strategy of improving tourism environmental carrying capacity is a key link to solve these problems.Taking the environmental improvement project of the Imperial Garden as an example,the carrying capacity evaluation model of the Imperial Garden was constructed based on the state-space model,to obtain the influencing factors that affected the tourism carrying capacity in the three subsystems of environmental resources,service facilities and social environment by using the methods of field investigation and empirical research.Calculating the carrying capacity during 2014~2019,the results showed that the environmental carrying capacity of the Imperial Garden was low during 2014~2016,which could reach a bearable state after upgrading during 2017~2019.The tourism environmental carrying capacity of the Imperial Gardens is restricted by ecological and heritage resources,and measures such as landscape protection,effective use of space and facilities improvement are to promote the tourism environmental carrying capacity.The research can provide reference for the strategy formulation of sustainable development of tourist bayonet in heritage site.