20世纪上半叶中国史学脚注传统之演进

The Evolution of Modern Footnotes in Chinese Historiography in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

在20世纪上半叶,中国学界不仅有西文期刊出版,也有中文期刊出版,但西文期刊一般都按照当时欧美学界惯例使用脚注传统,尽管并非每篇论文都如此。然而现代史学的脚注传统并非一开始就随着新史学出现而被中国史学界接受,虽然在20世纪20年代在中国出现了一系列史学刊物,但是当时并没有统一的论文写作和发表格式,各种刊物在学术规范方面自行其是。1928年《中央研究院历史语言研究所集刊》(以下简称《史语所集刊》)创刊时,尽管是横排出版,对脚注规范并不措意。语言学和考古学学者看起来更早接受脚注使用规范,因为语言学和考古学乃是域外输入的新学问。而史学因为历史悠久,反而接受脚注传统更缓慢。不过,到30年代越来越多有海外游学经验的年轻学者使用脚注规范。日本学者虽然早在19世纪末在欧美发表论著时已经接受当时流行的脚注,但在日本本土仍然因为使用直排印刷的缘故并未普遍接受脚注,也是到30年代才逐渐改变。而脚注作为外来语在20世纪第一个10年逐渐进入各种英华或华英辞典之中。

In the first half of the twentieth century,numerous academic journals in both Chinese language and Western languages were published in China.The Western-language journals often accepted footnotes as their standard style,though not every article they published followed this style.However,modern footnotes were not accepted in China with the growth of new history movement in the early twentieth century.Most Chinese-language history journals did not require modern style with footnotes.Even in 1928 when Academia Sinica started publishing its flagship history journal Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology,its style did not ask about footnotes,though this journal was published in horizontal way,following the Westernlanguage journals.Linguists and archaeologists seem to accept footnotes earlier than historians since linguistics and archaeology were modern disciplines that were introduced to China from the West.Nevertheless,in the 1930 s,more and more younger generations in the field of history started to use footnotes due to their overseas study experience.In Japan,though many scholars published their works with footnotes in the West,once they returned to Japan,the vertically printed publications seem to push them back to Japanese tradition of no footnotes.Same changes also happened in the 1930 s.It is also worth noting that the word "footnote" as a foreign loan-word gradually entered the lexicons and dictionaries in East Asia.