乙烯利、脱落酸和1-MCP对早酥和早金酥梨果实后熟的影响

Effects of Ethephon,Abscisic Acid and 1-MCP on Ripening of Zaosu and Zaojinsu Pear Fruits

早酥和早金酥梨(Pyrus bretschneideri)因皮薄肉脆,汁多味甜而广受人们喜爱。梨果实经后熟才会达到最佳食用风味,但是目前早酥和早金酥梨的果实后熟及其调控技术还不明确。采用乙烯利、1-MCP和ABA对商业成熟期采收的早酥和早金酥梨果实进行处理,室温贮藏20d,检测果实的乙烯生成量、硬度以及可溶性固形物含量,对两种梨果实的后熟情况进行评价。结果表明:在贮藏过程中早酥梨果实的乙烯生成量逐渐上升,有明显的乙烯生成量高峰,表明早酥梨为呼吸跃变型果实;在贮藏过程中早金酥梨果实的乙烯生成量变化不大,表明早金酥梨为非呼吸跃变型果实;与未处理的对照组相比,乙烯利处理使早酥梨提早出现乙烯释放高峰(0.104μL·g^(-1)·h^(-1)),且加速果实软化,此外乙烯利处理促进早金酥梨乙烯生成量和果实软化,并提高了早酥梨果实的可溶性固形物含量,而对于早金酥梨可溶性固形物含量的影响并不明显;1-MCP处理显著抑制早酥梨和早金酥梨果实在贮藏期间的乙烯生成,有效抑制早酥梨和早金酥梨果实软化,使果实的可溶性固形物含量有所降低,但变化幅度较小;ABA处理有效促进早酥梨和早金酥梨的乙烯生成量和果实软化,但并不影响果实的可溶性固形物含量。研究结果明确了早酥和早金酥梨果实的后熟特征,为利用植物生长调节剂精准调控梨果实成熟过程,延长果实贮藏期提供理论支撑和技术支持。

The flesh of Zaosu and Zaojinsu pear(Pyrus bretschneideri)is delicate,juicy and sweet,which are widely loved by people.Pear fruit reaches the best edible flavor after ripening,but the ripening and its regulation technology of Zaosu and Zaojinsu pear are not clear at present.In this study,we treated Zaosu and Zaojinsu pear harvested on the day of commercial maturation with ethephon,1-MCP and ABA and measured ethylene production,fruit firmness and soluble solid content within 20d after harvest to evaluate ripening condition of the two fruits.The results showed that the ethylene production of Zaosu pear increased gradually during storage and had a significant peak in ethylene production,suggesting it is a climacteric fruit,while the ethylene production of Zaojinsu pear had little change during storage,suggesting it is a non-climacteric fruit.Compared with the control group,ethephon treatment promoted early ethylene release peak(0.104μL·g^(-1)·h^(-1))and accelerated the decrease of fruit firmness,moreover,ethephon treatment promoted the ethylene production and fruit softening of Zaojinsu pear,and increased the soluble solid content of Zaosu pear,but had no obvious effect on the soluble solid content of Zaojinsu pear.The ethylene production of Zaosu and Zaojinsu pear during storage was effectively reduced by 1-MCP treatment,and 1-MCP treatment effectively inhibited the fruit softening of Zaosu and Zaojinsu pear,while the soluble solid content of the fruits decreased but the varied range was small.ABA treatment promoted ethylene production of Zaosu and Zaojinsu pear,effectively accelerated fruit softening,while had no effect on soluble solids content.The results indicated the ripening characteristics of Zaosu and Zaojinsu pear,and provided theoretical and technical support for accurately regulating the ripening process and prolonging the storage period of pear fruit by plant growth regulators.