北京市生活垃圾处理模式发展历程的研究

Research on the development course of domestic waste processing mode in Beijing

对北京市生活垃圾的定义和分类进行阐述,对生活垃圾的发展历程进行了研究。结果表明,近年来北京市生活垃圾呈逐年增长态势,截至2020年底,北京市生活垃圾产生量1234.1万t。北京市生活垃圾处理模式包括五个阶段,第一阶段是“十五”时期以前,生活垃圾处理模式主要以卫生填埋为主;第二阶段是“十一五”时期,开始了生活垃圾的资源化利用,实现垃圾处理技术的战略性调整;第三阶段是“十二五”时期,生活垃圾处理模式首次出现焚烧发电能力超过卫生填埋;第四阶段是“十三五”时期,生活垃圾处理模式已经形成“以焚烧为主、堆肥为辅”;第五阶段,“十四五”时期,在“双碳”背景下北京市生活垃圾处置利用模式,整合优化垃圾焚烧发电,实现垃圾的低碳利用和原生垃圾“零填埋”。最后梳理了北京市生活垃圾处置利用重点工作,并提出相关建议。

The definition and classification of domestic waste in Beijing was expounded and the development course of domestic waste was studied.The results show that domestic waste has been increasing year by year,in recent years,and domestic waste production capacity was 12.341 million tons by the end of 2020.Beijing domestic waste processing mode includes five stages,the first stage was before the“10th Five-Year”plan period,the domestic waste processing mode is mainly sanitary landfill;the second stage is the“11th Five-Year”plan period,the processing technology of domestic waste was begun strategic adjustment;the third stage is the“12th Five-Year”plan period,the incineration power generation capacity exceeded the sanitary landfill for the first time;the fourth stage is the“13th Five-Year”plan period,the domestic waste processing mode has formed the“incineration as a supplement,composting mainly”,and in the fifth stage,the“14th Five-Year”plan period,the domestic waste incineration power generation is integrated to realize low-carbon utilization and native waste“zero landfill”.Finally,the key work of domestic waste disposal and utilization in Beijing was summarized,and relevant suggestions are put forward.