论对外国行政行为的承认:理论基础与制度构建

On the Recognition of Foreign Administrative Acts:Theoretical Foundation and System Construction

承认外国行政行为是指承认国通过自主意愿表示,同意外国行政主体作出的跨国行政行为在本国领土范围内产生法律效力。承认外国行政行为制度以平等、互惠、合作为价值取向,其理论基础在于国家承认使外国公共行政“域外管辖”正当化。承认外国行政行为制度由国际多边或双边机制提供保障基础。在过程论视角下,承认外国行政行为始于外国行政主体作出行政决定送达相对人,经过承认国作出承认决定后产生法律效力,还包含了后续对相对人的监管以及对外国行政行为的审查。我国构建承认外国行政行为制度,应在兼顾国家主权价值和国际合作价值的基础之上,选择直接送达与间接送达并存的送达模式、以主动承认为主的承认决定模式、分散监管的行政监管模式、行为国审查的审查外国行政行为模式,通过制定国内法规范的方式确立完整的承认外国行政行为制度。

Recognition of foreign administrative acts means that the recognizing state,through an autonomous expression of will,agrees that the transnational administrative acts performed by foreign administrative subjects have legal effects within its territory.The system of recognition of foreign administrative acts is based on the value of equality,reciprocity as well as cooperation,and its theoretical foundation is that state recognition legitimizes the“extraterritorial jurisdiction”of foreign public administration.The system of recognition of foreign administrative acts is guaranteed by international multilateral or bilateral mechanisms.In the Process Theory perspective,the recognition of a foreign administrative act begins with the service of the administrative decision by the foreign administrative subject to the administrative counterpart,and then becomes legally effective after the recognition decision made by the recognizing state.It also includes the subsequent administrative surveillance and the review of the foreign administrative act.To construct the recognition of foreign administrative acts system,China should take into account both the value of national sovereignty and international cooperation,should choose the service mode of both direct service and indirect service,the recognition decision mode of active recognition,the administrative surveillance mode of decentralised surveillance,and the review of foreign administrative acts mode of acting state review,and should establish the complete system through the formulation of domestic law.