一种基于半分布式结构化拓扑的云储能点对点交易策略研究

Research on Peer-to-peer Transaction Strategy of Cloud Energy Storage Based on Semi-distributed Structured Topology

随着用户对储能资源需求的日益增长及点对点(peer-to-peer,P2P)交易技术的逐渐成熟,云储能P2P交易有望成为未来用户侧储能的新业态。针对中心化拓扑P2P交易可靠性差、负载不均衡,全分布式拓扑P2P拓展性差、低带宽节点过载的问题,该文提出一种基于半分布式结构化拓扑的云储能P2P交易框架,将能量流、信息流、业务流紧密的耦合在一起,在兼顾通讯效率的同时实现用户隐私保护。在此基础上,针对分层、多主体化交易框架下难以实现全局最优的问题,引入合作博弈理论,构建云储能运营商–社区–用户的双层P2P两阶段交易优化模型:第一阶段,以合作联盟利益最大化为目标,基于嵌套式交替方向乘子法建立云储能运营商–社区–用户双层储能容量共享模型;第二阶段,计及主体参与度差异性与市场因素,设计一种基于纳什议价模型的云储能服务定价机制,以实现利益分配。最后,通过仿真验证所提云储能P2P交易策略的可行性与优越性以及定价机制的公平性,结果可为用户侧储能业务开展提供全新的视角。

With the growing demand for energy storage resources and the gradual development of peer-to-peer(P2P)technology, cloud energy storage(CES) is expected to become a new business form of user-side energy storage. Aiming at the problems of poor reliability and unbalanced load of centralized topology P2P transactions, poor scalability of fully distributed topology P2P transactions and overload of low bandwidth nodes, this paper proposed a P2P transaction framework for CES based on a semi-distributed structured topology, which closely coupled energy flow, information flow,and business flow to achieve user privacy protection while taking communication efficiency into account. On this basis, in order to solve the problem of difficulty in achieving global optimization under the hierarchical and multi-subject transaction framework, the cooperative game theory was introduced to construct a two-layer P2P two-stage transaction optimization model of CES operator-community-user. In the first stage, with the goal of maximizing the benefits of the cooperative alliance, a CES operator-community-user two-layer energy storage capacity sharing model was established based on the nested alternating direction multiplier method. In the second stage, a Nash bargaining model that considered the differences in the participation of entities and market factors was proposed, and a pricing mechanism for CES leasing fees was formulated to realize the distribution of benefits. Finally, simulations verified the feasibility and superiority of the proposed CES trading strategy and the fairness of the benefit distribution mechanism, providing a new perspective for the development of CES business.