基因多态性在恶心呕吐预防和治疗中的研究进展

Research progress on gene polymorphisms in the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting

恶心呕吐是影响患者临床满意度的主要问题之一,在高危人群中发生率高达80%。近年来,遗传易感性在恶心呕吐发生、发展中的作用越来越受到重视。文章总结了近年来发表的有关基因多态性与恶心呕吐的相关性研究,涵盖了5-羟色胺受体(5-hydroxytryptamine receptor,5-HTR)基因、多巴胺2型受体(dopamine D2 receptor,DRD2)基因、μ阿片受体基因(mu-opioid receptor gene 1,OPRM1)、毒蕈碱受体基因、编码神经激肽-1(neurokinin-1,NK1)受体的速激肽受体1(tachykinin receptor 1,TACR1)基因、转运蛋白基因及药物代谢酶基因等。期待未来可以根据基因分型识别高危患者,个体化给予更有针对性的止吐预防和治疗,提高患者临床满意度。

Nausea and vomiting are one of the main problems affecting clinical satisfaction of patients,with an incidence of up to 80%in high-risk populations.In recent years,increasing attention has been focused on the role of genetic susceptibility in the development of nausea and vomiting.Therefore,the current article is to summarize the correlation studies in recent years on gene polymorphisms and nausea and vomiting,including 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor(5-HTR)gene,dopamine D2 receptor(DRD2)gene,mu-opioid receptor gene 1(OPRM1),muscarinic receptor gene,tachykinin receptor 1(TACR1)gene encoding neurokinin-1(NK1)receptor,transporter genes and drug metabolism enzyme genes.It is expected that in the future,high-risk patients can be identified according to genotyping,and individualized therapies for the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting can improve clinical satisfaction of patients.