生态修复背景下矿山公园生态系统服务价值研究——以福建紫金山为例

Ecosystem service value of mine park under ecological restoration background:A case study of Zijin Mountain in Fujian Province

探究矿山公园生态系统服务价值对合理制定矿山生态修复政策、高效配置环境资源及精准规划未来发展路径具有重要意义。以福建上杭紫金山矿山公园为研究对象,基于土地利用数据及调查问卷数据,采取单位面积价值当量因子法与条件价值法评估紫金山公园生态系统服务价值。结果表明:2005—2018年紫金山矿山公园土地利用结构发生明显变化,林地净变化量最大且变化速度较快,草地与裸地面积逐渐增加;研究期内紫金山矿山公园生态系统总服务价值呈先增加后减少的趋势,从2005年的45795万元,增加至2012年的47804万元,又降低至2018年的41765万元,在“边开采,边修复”双重作用影响下,生态系统服务价值空间上呈“整体下降,局部好转”的态势;从社区居民对紫金山矿山公园潜在文化服务功能的认可态度及支付意愿,评估得到公园文化服务总价值约为每年1.4亿元,价值潜力较大,且居民对环境教育和休闲游憩认可程度较高,具备良好的发展基础。

To explore the ecosystem service value of mine parks is of great significance to reasonably formulating mining ecological restoration policies, efficiently allocating environmental resources, and precisely planning future development paths. In this study, based on land use data and questionnaire data, we evaluated the ecosystem service value of Zijinshan Mine Park in Shanghang, Fujian Province, using unit area value equivalent factor method and conditional value method. The land use structure of the park varied significantly from 2005 to 2018. The net change of forest land was the largest, and the area of grassland and bare land increased gradually. The total ecosystem service value of the park increased from RMB 457.95 million in 2005 to RMB 478.04 million in 2012, and then decreased to RMB 417.65 million in 2018. Under the dual effects of “repairing while mining”, the ecosystem service value showed a trend of “overall decline and partial improvement”. Based on community residents’ positive attitude and their willingness to pay for the potential cultural service of the park, the total cultural service value of the park was estimated as RMB 140 million per year. Great value potential and residents’ recognition of environmental education and leisure and recreation play a basic role in driving the favorable development of the park.