营养风险评估和个体化护理在头颈部肿瘤放疗患者中的应用

Application of nutritional risk assessment and individualized nursing to patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy

目的探讨营养风险评估和个体化护理对头颈部肿瘤放疗患者的临床效果。方法选取2019年1月至2021年1月间苏州大学附属张家港医院收治的120例头颈部肿瘤放疗患者,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。观察组采用营养风险评估和个体化护理,对照组采用常规护理。评价两组组间营养指标、生活质量评分、负性心理评分和并发症情况。结果干预1个月后,观察组体质量指数、白蛋白和血红蛋白均高于对照组;观察组生活质量评分独立性、心理和生理评分均高于对照组;观察组负性心理评分抑郁量表和焦虑量表均优于对照组;观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论对头颈部肿瘤放疗患者进行营养风险评估和个体化护理,可以改善其营养状态,减轻负性情绪,减少并发症,提高生活质量,值得推广。

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of nutritional risk assessment and individualized nursing in patients with head and neck tumor undergoing radiotherapy. Methods A total of 120 patients with head and neck tumor treated with radiotherapy were selected at Zhangjiagang Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from January 2019 to January 2021. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group with 60 patients in each group. The observation group received nursing based on nutritional risk assessment and individualized nursing and the control group received conventional nursing. Nutritional indicators, quality of life score, negative psychological score and complications were evaluated in the two groups. Results One month after intervention, the nutritional indexes in terms of body mass index, albumin and hemoglobin were higher in the observation group than in the control group(all P<0.05). Quality of life scores in terms of independence, psychology and physiology were higher in the observation group than in the control group(all P<0.05). Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA) and Hamilton depression scale(HAMD) scores were better in the observation group than in the control group(all P<0.05). The incidence of complications was lower in the observation group than in the control(P<0.05). Conclusion Nutritional risk assessment and individualized nursing can improve nutritional status, reduce negative emotions and complications and improve quality of life in patients with head and neck tumor on radiotherapy, which is worthy of promotion.