易地扶贫搬迁移民生计现状及对策--以昭觉县M社区为例

Study on the Livelihood of Relocated Migrants in Poverty Allevation Campaign and the Solutions:A Case Study of M Community in Zhaojue County

“十四五”规划强调做好易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持工作,保障移民后续生计安全,如何增强移民的可持续生计成为了重点。基于可持续生计理论,通过实地调研,分析M社区搬迁前后移民生计资本的状况,探讨移民后续生计发展问题。研究表明:易地扶贫搬迁后,移民的生计资本提高,生计状况有所改善,但仍存在移民就业持续性差、移民主体内生动力匮乏、安置区产业尚待发展等生计风险。为此,主要从发展人力资本方面提出相应的政策建议,提高移民可持续发展能力。

The"14th Five-Year Plan"emphasizes a good follow-up job for poverty alleviation and relocation to ensure the livelihood of relocated migrants.To promote a sustainable livelihood of migrants has become the focus.Based on the sustainable livelihood theory,this study analyzes the capital for relocated migrants’livelihood before and after the relocation of M community through field investigation,and discusses the relocated people’s follow-up livelihood development.The study shows that after relocation,migrants’livelihood capital has increased and their livelihood has improved,but there are still risks to their livelihood,such as poor employment continuity,relocated people’s lack of endogenous motivation,and insufficient development of industries in relocation areas.To solve these problems,this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions mainly from the aspect of developing human capital to improve relocated people’s sustainable development capabilities.