水稻高温感知及响应机制的研究进展

A research progress of thermo-perception and thermo-responses in rice

全球气候变暖威胁粮食安全,水稻极易受到高温的影响而减产。植物通过不同层面感知高温并激活下游的高温响应,包括膜流动性、蛋白质内稳态和活性氧内稳态平衡的改变等。水稻在不同的亚细胞结构(细胞膜、内质网、叶绿体)和不同的生理生化过程(核酸、蛋白质、代谢)上响应高温。自然位点在生产应用上更为便捷,其中TT1(Thermotolerance 1)、TT2、TT3是三个重要的水稻耐高温自然位点,并分别通过参与毒性蛋白清除、钙信号介导的蜡质代谢以及细胞膜-叶绿体信号转导调控水稻抗热,因此挖掘耐高温自然位点,解析作物高温感知及响应机制,为培育抗高温作物新品种提供理论基础,具有重要意义。

Global warming threatens food security,and rice is vulnerable to high temperatures,especially at reproductive stage.Plants perceive high temperatures and activate downstream responses in different levels,including disruptions in membrane fluidity,protein homeostasis and reactive oxygen species homeostasis.Rice responds to high temperature in different subcellular structures(cell membrane,endoplasmic reticulum,chloroplast)and different physiological and biochemical processes(nucleic acid,protein,metabolism).Natural alleles are more convenient for agricultural production,among which TT1(Thermotolerance 1),TT2 and TT3 are three indispensable natural alleles conferring rice thermotolerance respectively via cytotoxic protein elimination,calcium signaling-mediated wax metabolism and membrane-chloroplast signaling.Therefore,it is of great significance to mine natural alleles of thermotolerance and clarify the mechanism of thermo-perception and thermo-responses,providing a theoretical basis for breeding thermotolerant varieties in crops.