短尾噬菌体识别宿主机制的研究进展

Progress in the host recognition mechanisms of Podoviridae phages

噬菌体可以作为抗生素的替代物,用于致病菌的防控和治疗。有尾噬菌体是最常见的噬菌体类型,可以根据尾部形态的不同分为短尾噬菌体、肌尾噬菌体和长尾噬菌体3类。不同噬菌体间不仅具有明显的形态差异,其对宿主细菌的识别机制也不相同。短尾噬菌体由于其较小的基因组长度和相对简单的结构组成,成为研究宿主与噬菌体的共进化关系、以及通过基因工程改造噬菌体的良好模型。本文综述了短尾噬菌体的分类特征及不同短尾噬菌体识别宿主受体的分子机制。通过明确短尾噬菌体的识别宿主机制,有助于对相应噬菌体进行工程化改造,解决噬菌体应用中存在的关键问题,使噬菌体更广泛地应用于生物、医学与食品工业等领域中。

Bacteriophages can serve as an alternative for antibiotics. Tailed phages are the most common phages and can be classified into three families, including Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, and Myoviridae according to the different tail structures. Different phages vary in morphology and host recognition mechanism. It is therefore valuable to explore the host recognition mechanisms of Podoviridae phages with simple structure and short genome, which would be benefit for the research on phage-host co-evolutionary relationship and the phage genetic engineering. We reviewed the taxonomic characteristics and different host recognition mechanisms of Podoviridae phages.Deciphering the host recognition mechanisms can help solve the problems in the application of Podoviridae phages, which will contribute to the use of phages in biological, medical, and food industrial fields.