新疆农业绿色发展水平及区域差异分析

Analysis of the level of agricultural green development and regional differences in Xinjiang

为了解新疆各地区的农业绿色发展水平,提升新疆农业整体竞争力,本研究以新疆除克拉玛依市以外的13个地州(市)为研究对象,从资源节约、环境友好、生态保护和效益产出4个方面构建新疆农业绿色发展指标评价体系,运用熵值法和泰尔指数计算并分析了新疆2010—2020年农业绿色发展水平及各区域发展差异。结果表明:新疆农业绿色发展水平整体上呈上升趋势,其中生态保护发展较为落后,阻碍了新疆农业绿色发展的稳定性;新疆从南、北、东疆的发展差异看,北疆整体的农业绿色发展水平优于南疆,东疆的发展水平和速度处于两者之间;在考察期内,新疆南、北、东疆之间农业绿色发展水平差距较小,但有扩大的风险;在各区域内部,南疆各地州(市)的农业绿色发展水平差异最大,其次是北疆,东疆内部的差异最小。基于此提出以生态保护为总抓手,推动生态环境和农业经济的协同发展;加快推进农业绿色生产方式的利益补偿机制,驱动农户采用农业绿色生产方式;加快推进和完善农地流转机制,提升农业生产规模;立足自身发展优势,补齐发展短板。

To understand the agricultural green development level of various regions in Xinjiang and enhance the overall competitiveness of Xinjiang’s agriculture,13 prefectures(cities)in Xinjiang except Karamay city were used as the research object to construct the evaluation system of Xinjiang agricultural green development indicators in four aspects:resource conservation,environmental friendliness,ecological protection and benefit output.The development index evaluation system,using the entropy method and Theil index to calculate and analyze the agricultural green development level and regional development differences in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2020.The results show that the overall level of agricultural green development in Xinjiang shows an upward trend,and the development of ecological protection is relatively backward,which hinders the stability of agricultural green development in Xinjiang;from the development differences among the southern,northern and eastern Xinjiang,the overall agricultural green development in northern Xinjiang is better than that in the southern Xinjiang,and the development level and speed of eastern Xinjiang is in between;during the inspection period,the gap in agricultural green development between the southern,northern and eastern Xinjiang is relatively small,but there is a risk of expansion;within each region,the difference in agricultural green development level among the prefectures(cities)is the largest in the southern Xinjiang,followed by the northern Xinjiang,and the difference within eastern Xinjiang is the smallest.Based on this,it is proposed to take ecological protection as the general starting point to promote the coordinated development of the ecological environment and agricultural economy;accelerate the interest compensation mechanism of agricultural green production methods,and drive farmers to adopt agricultural green production methods;promote and improve the farmland transfer mechanism to improve the scale of agricultural production;based on its own development advantages,and make up for the shortcomings of development.