RNA修饰在病毒复制中的功能

The Function of RNA Modifications in Viral Replication

早在60多年前科学家已经发现RNA化学修饰的存在,但直到近年来关于RNA修饰功能的研究才得到广泛关注及蓬勃发展,其中病毒RNA修饰的功能成为了病毒学研究领域新的热点。目前已有150多种RNA修饰被发现,这些修饰在调控RNA结构、剪接、核运输、翻译、稳定性等多种生物过程中发挥重要作用。目前病毒RNA修饰中最受关注的7种化学修饰包括N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)、5-甲基胞苷(m5C)、N1-甲基腺苷(m1A)、N7-甲基鸟苷(m7G)、N4-乙酰胞苷(ac4C)、假尿苷(Ψ)和核糖甲基化(Nm)。本文介绍了细胞中的修饰系统,讨论了当前各种修饰的检测方法并对这些修饰在病毒复制中的功能进行了归纳总结。此外,我们提出了病毒RNA修饰未来可能的一些研究方向。

More than 60 years ago,scientists discovered the existence of RNA chemical modifications,but only in recent years the research on the function of RNA modification has draw widespread attention and vigorous development.The functions of viral RNA modifications are now a major area of virology research.More than150 RNA modifications have been discovered,which play important roles in regulating RNA structure,splicing,nuclear transport,translation,stability and other biological processes.Seven chemical modifications that are currently of the most concern among viral RNA modifications are N6-methyladensine(m6A),5-methylcytidine(m5C),N1-methyladenosine(m1A),N7-methylguanosine(m7G),N4-acetylcytidine(ac4C),pseudouridine(Ψ),and ribose methylation(Nm).This review introduces RNA modification systems in cells,discusses current detection methods for various modifications,and summarizes the functions of these modifications in viral replication.We also propose some possible future research directions for viral RNA modification.