数字金融对农户多维相对贫困影响研究

The impacts of digital finance on rural households’multidimensional relative poverty

随着现行标准下我国绝对贫困问题的解决,缓解多维相对贫困将成为新时代扶贫工作的重点,因此发挥数字金融优势缓解农户多维相对贫困具有重要的现实意义。基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,采用A-F方法、Probit模型和中介效应模型,分析数字金融对农户多维相对贫困的影响,探讨其影响机制和地区异质性。结果表明,农户使用数字金融占比为39.7%,说明使用数字金融的农户数量仍相对较低。农户多维相对贫困以脆弱型和一般型相对贫困群体为主,发展能力已成为缓解相对贫困的关键维度,西部地区仍是我国相对贫困的集中区域。数字金融能够有效减缓农户多维相对贫困,对脆弱型多维相对贫困缓解效果更好,从不同维度来看,数字金融对缓解发展能力贫困和经济能力贫困影响程度更深;进一步地,数字金融能够通过提高农户金融素养缓解农户多维相对贫困现象。从异质性分析来看,数字金融能更好降低东部地区的农户多维相对贫困发生概率。据此,提出继续推进农村和中西部地区数字化建设,加强数字金融相关知识技能的宣传与针对性指导,推进数字征信在农村地区发展等政策建议。

With the elimination of absolute poverty in China under the prevailing criteria,alleviating multidimensional relative poverty becomes the focus of poverty alleviation in the new era.Thus,it is of important practical significance to alleviate the multidimensional relative poverty of rural households by exploiting the advantage of digital finance.Based on the data of the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS),this paper analyzed the impacts of digital finance on the multidimensional relative poverty of rural households and discussed its impacting mechanism and regional heterogeneity by the A-F method,the Probit model,and the mediating effect model.Results show that 39.7%of rural households used digital finance,indicating that the number of rural households using digital finance was still relatively low.Multidimensional relative poverty of rural households mainly occurred in relatively poor groups of vulnerable and general types,development capacity has become a key dimension to alleviate relative poverty and the western region of China remains the one where relative poverty was concentrated.Digital finance can effectively alleviate the multidimensional relative poverty of rural households and impose a positive impact on alleviating the multidimensional relative poverty of the vulnerable type.Digital finance also has a greater impact on alleviating the poverty of development capacity and of economic viability.Furthermore,it can alleviate the multidimensional relative poverty of rural households by improving their financial literacy.Heterogeneity analysis found that digital finance can better reduce the probability of multidimensional relative poverty among rural households in the eastern region of China.Therefore,this paper provides some policy suggestions,including continuing to promote digital construction in rural,central,and western regions of China,strengthening the publicity and targeted guidance on digital finance-related knowledge and skills,and promoting the development of digital credit in rural areas.