生猪养殖业集聚发展下不同规模生产效率评价

Evaluation of production efficiency of different scales under the agglomerative development of hog breeding industry

为探讨不同规模生猪养殖业生产效率的提升路径,基于国内15个生猪养殖主产省区2005—2018年相关统计数据,运用核密度曲线描述不同规模全要素生产率动态演进特征,采用固定效应估计、两阶段最小二乘回归、全面的可行广义最小二乘法、空间杜宾模型和两区制空间杜宾模型进行生猪养殖业集聚与全要素生产率之间关系的实证分析。结果表明:1)小规模、中规模的全要素生产率呈明显上升态势,大规模的全要素生产率则相对稳定;2)产业集聚对不同规模全要素生产率的影响均呈“倒U型”特征,在拐点到达前,产业集聚对小规模的全要素生产率提升作用最大;3)产业集聚对不同规模全要素生产率均存在显著的空间溢出效应;4)集聚水平不同省区间的空间溢出效应具有显著的非对称性。因此,应形成以小规模为基础的市场结构体系,促进生产要素在区域间的流动;湖南省和云南省应延长产业链,发挥其带动作用,其余13个省区应推进产业规模扩张进程。

To explore the ways to improve the production efficiency of hog breeding industry of different scales,based on a data of 15 major hog breeding provinces in China from 2005 to 2018,this paper examined the dynamic evolution characteristics of total factor productivity of different scales by the nuclear density curve,the fixed effect estimation,the two-stage least squares regression(2SLS),the comprehensive feasible generalized least square(FGLS),the spatial Dubin model and two district spatial Dubin model and analyzed the relationship between hog breeding industry agglomeration and the total factor productivity.Results show that:1)the small-scale and medium-scale total factor productivity shows an obvious upward trend,while the large-scale total factor productivity is relatively stable;2)the impact of industrial agglomeration on the total factor productivity of different scales shows the characteristics of an“inverted U”shape.Before the inflection point,industrial agglomeration has the greatest effect on the promotion of the small-scale total factorproductivity;3)industrial agglomeration has a significant spatial spillover effect on the total factor productivity of different scales;and 4)the spatial spillover effect of different provinces with different agglomeration levels has significantasymmetry.Therefore,this paper suggests to form a market structure system based on small scale and to promote the flowof production factors among regions.In addition,Hunan Province and Yunnan Province should extend the industrial chain and play their leading role,and the other 13 provinces should promote the process of industrial scale expansion.