基于细-宏观数据交互的桥梁水毁数值仿真

Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Bridge Failure Based on Data Translation of Different Scales

为精细化探究桥梁水毁倒塌机理,基于计算流体力学与泥沙动力学数值仿真,得到桥梁冲刷形态演变与波流力时程数据,构建桥梁水毁全过程的连续倒塌数值模型;通过开发细-宏观数据交互接口,将冲刷所致边界条件改变与波流力对桥梁结构作用效应实时传递至结构域桥梁连续倒塌数值模型,高精度连续仿真冲刷发展与波流力作用下桥梁水毁全程力学响应与结构形态演化;最后,通过河源东江大桥倒塌案例分析,验证该仿真方法与数据交互接口的正确性和有效性。结果表明:河源东江大桥连续倒塌可能由冲刷掏空基础后倾斜、拱脚薄弱节点失效以及非制动墩承受不平衡水平推力所致;所提出的仿真方法可实现冲刷仿真、波流力计算与结构倒塌分析的同步交互实施,可为从水文源头探究桥梁水毁失效机理与倒塌模式提供精准高效的分析工具,为桥梁抗水设计、评估以及未来规范修订提供理论基础与技术手段。

The time-history data of scour and current force were obtained based on the numerical simulation of computational fluid dynamics and sediment dynamics to reveal the mechanism of hydraulic bridge failure precisely. A numerical model of continuous collapse corresponding to the entire hydraulic bridge failure process was established. The boundary condition changes caused by the scour and the effect of the current force on the bridge structure were transmitted to the numerical model of the bridge in the structural domain. By developing a fine-macro data interaction interface, the mechanical response and morphological evolution of the bridge under the effect of the current force and the development of the scour depth were investigated through continuous high-precision simulations. Finally, a case study was conducted to verify the validity of the simulation method and data interaction interface. The collapse of the Heyuan Dongjiang Bridge may have been caused by the inclination of the pier induced by scour, the decay of the arch ring material strength, and the unbalanced horizontal force. The evaluation of the failure mechanism of bridge structures using this flood simulation system achieves the synchronous and interactive implementation of scour simulation, wave and flow force calculations, and structural collapse analysis. The proposed simulation method provides a theoretical basis and technique for designing and evaluating bridge resistance to water and code adaption.