对加强我国铀资源勘查“三新”突破的战略性思考

Strategic Thinking on Strengthening Three New Breakthroughs for the Uranium Exploration in China

“双碳目标”下核能迎来了新的发展,对铀资源保障提出了更高要求。新区、新层位、新类型“三新”突破是铀资源储量不断增加的重要前提和根本路径,对提高我国铀资源保障程度具有重要意义。基于对全球铀资源类型和基本特点的分析,提出全球铀资源优势类型包括砂岩型、不整合面型等9种,并简要介绍了9种优势类型的时空分布特征;根据有关分类方案,我国已发现和探明的铀资源类型为五大类、11种类型,全球9种优势类型中的6种在我国已有不同程度的找矿发现;我国特定的地质构造背景导致铀成矿作用的复杂性、多样性和多期多阶段性,铀成矿类型众多,铀资源潜力巨大,“三新”突破尚有广阔的空间和前景。认为“新区、新层位、新类型”均为相对概念,未来五到十年我国铀资源新区突破的主要类型仍应为砂岩型,其次为热液型(花岗岩型、火山岩型),而砂岩型铀矿新区突破的方向主要包含4个层级;“新层位”突破主要适用于产于沉积地层中的铀矿床,并据此分析了我国砂岩型铀矿有望实现找矿突破的新层位;新类型突破在“三新”突破中的难度最大,今后应加强不整合面型、表生型、混合岩化花岗伟晶岩型等类型突破,同时还需加强绢英岩化高温蚀变带型、火山盆地“基底亚型”、沉积盆地砂岩铀矿系列亚型的找矿突破。

The goal of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality brings a new chance for nuclear energy,which puts forward higher requirement for the guarantee of uranium resources.The breakthroughs in New Areas,New Strata and New Types(hereinafter referred to as Three New)are an important premise and fundamental path for the continuous increase of uranium resource reserves,and are of great significance to improve the degree of uranium resource security in China.Based on the analysis of the types and basic characteristics of global uranium resources,9 dominant types including sandstone and unconformity-related was summarized and their spatialtemporal distribution characteristics was briefly expounded.According to the summarized classification scheme,the discovered and proven 11 types uranium resource in China were divided into five categories and 6 of the 9 dominant types in the world.Uranium mineralization in China is of complexity,diversity and multi-stage due to China􀆳s specific geological structure background.Therefore,there will be huge potential and broad space for the uranium exploration under Three New breakthroughs.The strategy ideals on Three New breakthrough were illustrated as the followings:(a)The concept of Three New is relative.(b)The main new area of uranium resources breakthrough should still be focused on the metallogenic area of sandstone type,followed by hydrothermal type in the next 5 to 10 years,and the breakthrough orientation in sandstone areas mainly includes four levels.(c)New strata is mainly applicable to strata controlled type uranium deposits,and the expected new strata breakthrough in China was analyzed in this paper.(d)New type will be the most difficult to get breakthrough,focused on the the unconformity-related type,surficial deposits,migmatized granite pegmatite type and other new types should be strengthen,and more attention should be paid also on the sericite high-temperature alteration belt type,volcanic basin basement subtype and sedimentary basin sandstone uranium ore series subtype.