国内某伴生放射性固体废物刚性填埋设施设计

The Design of a Rigid Landfill Facility for Associated Radioactive Solid Waste

伴生放射性固体废物的处理处置及辐射环境监管目前仍是我国核与辐射安全监管体系中较为薄弱的领域。研究针对国内新出台的《伴生放射性物料贮存及固体废物填埋辐射环境保护技术规范(试行)》(HJ 1114—2020)标准中未明确的刚性填埋设施设计要求,通过总结国内相关标准规范要求,对比低中水平放射性废物近地表处置设施及危险废物刚性填埋设施工程案例,以国内某伴生放射性固体废物填埋设施工程为例,提出了伴生放射性固体废物刚性填埋单元的防渗系统、渗滤液导排系统、渗漏检测系统的可行设计方案,以及短周期运行的填埋设施填埋模式的合理化建议,考虑封场覆盖系统对伽马辐射的屏蔽作用以及对氡析出率的影响,经计算确定覆盖层结构形式、厚度及工程材料选择,并在封场后通过对周围辐射环境监测,对设计方案的有效性进行了验证,为今后国内类似工程提供参考。

At present,the disposal of associated radioactive solid waste and the supervision of radiation environment are still a relatively weak area in China􀆳s nuclear and radiation safety supervision system.In this paper,a domestic associated radioactive solid waste landfill project was used as case to study the design requirements of rigid landfill facilities which are not clearly defined in the new domestic standard Technical Specifications of Radiation Environmental Protection for Other Radioactive Material􀆳s Storage and Solid Waste􀆳s Landfill(Trial)(HJ 1114—2020).By summarizing the domestic specifications and requirements and comparing with the engineering cases of near surface disposal facilities of low and intermediate level radioactive wastes and hazardous waste rigid landfill facilities.The feasible design scheme of the anti-seepage system,leachate diversion system and leakage detection system of the rigid landfill unit of associated radioactive solid waste was proposed with the reasonable suggestions for the landfill mode of landfill facilities with short period operation.Considering the shielding effect of the closed field covering system on gamma radiation and the influence on radon exhalation rate,the structural form,thickness and engineering material selection of the overburden were determined through calculation,and the effectiveness of the design scheme was verified by monitoring the surrounding radiation environment after the sealing field,which will provide reference for similar domestic projects in the future.