减速器齿轮轮辐设计及其噪声试验研究

Design and noise test of reducer gear spokes

齿轮轮辐结构和动平衡会对减速器产品的噪声产生影响,为此,以某款减速器总成为研究对象,进行了齿轮轮辐的结构分析、设计计算及其噪声的对比试验研究。首先,采用有限元方法对齿轮轮辐结构进行了模态分析,确定了两种一级从动齿轮的轮辐结构方案;然后,采用MASTA软件对该轮辐结构进行了噪声分析,得到了小的传递误差峰峰值和动态啮合力,确定了优化的设计方案;考虑异形齿轮轮辐不同动平衡量的差异,建立了转子轴齿轮的动力学模型,对其进行了惯性力和激励的分析,得到了不同轮辐动不平衡量的响应差异;最后,通过台架试验,进行了噪声测试验证。研究结果表明:在8000 r/min以上时,采用异形结构轮辐的噪声比传统结构低5 dB以上;动不平衡量在9.29 g以内时,统计噪声测试结果,即P值大于0.05,在该范围内,动不平衡量对减速器的噪声无明显影响。

Aiming at the influence of gear body and unbalance on noise,a reducer was taken as the research object,the relevant structural analysis and calculation were carried out,and noise test of different scheme were carried out for comparison.Firstly,modal analysiswas carried out by finite element method,and two kinds of gear body of first stage driven gear was determined.Then,the noise performance was analyzed by MASTA software,smaller peak to peak of transmission error and smaller dynamic meshing force was obtained,then the optimized gear body was determined.The dynamic model of rotor shaft-gear was established by considering the difference of unbalance of special-shaped gear body.The inertia force and excitation were analyzed,and the response of different unbalance was obtained.Finally,the bench test was carried out for verify design.The results indicate that the noise of the special-shaped gear body is more than 5dB lower than that of the traditional structure when reducer works above 8000 r/min.When the unbalance is less than 9.29 g,the statistical result of noise test is that the P value is greater than 0.05,this indicating that the unbalance has no significant influence on the reducer's noise within this range.