清末武举革废与政府应对

Reformation and Abolition of Military Examination System in the Late Qing Dynasty as Well as the Government's Response

清末武举弊端逐渐凸显,改革与废除武举之声此起彼伏。主张改革武举的代表人物有丁日昌、唐文治等,他们主张变通武举考试内容,增设新式科目。主张废除武举的代表人物有沈葆桢、康有为等,他们主张废除武举,采用新法。亦有王毓藻、德寿等人主张固守旧制。随着中外局势不断变化,先是改革武举的呼声居上,后是废除武举的呼声高涨。清廷在应对方面,先是竭力维护武举制度,再到被迫接受武举革新主张,最后迫于局势变化,最终废除武举制度。武举废除后,武生进阶之路受阻,成为社会不稳定因素。同时,清廷虽大力发展武备学堂,但由于兴办仓促,加之存在诸多问题,几年后武备学堂即多遭停办。

In the late Qing Dynasty,with the disadvantages of military examination system increasingly prominent,the voices of reformation even abolition of the system were going throught the country.People represented by Ding Richang,Tang Wenzhi,etc.advocated a reformation,including changing the content of the examination and adding new subjects.Shen Baozhen,Kang Youwei advocated abolition of the system and adoption of new laws.While Some other people like Wang Yuzao and Deshou,advocated adhering to the old system.With the constant changes of the situation at home and abroad,there were first calls for reformation,and then for abolition.In response,the Qing Government first tried its best to maintain the system,then was forced to accept the ideas of reformation,and finally determined to abolish it according to the change of the situation.After the abolition,Students striving in the system lost their way and became uncertain in the society.Even though the government made great efforts to develop new military schools,most of these schools were suspended after a few years due to the hasty establishment and various existing problems.