白肋烟与茄子嫁接对烟叶生物碱等化学成分含量和感官质量的影响

Effects of grafting of burley tobacco with eggplant on the content of alkaloid and other chemical componets and sensory quality of tobacco leaves

【目的】研究烟茄嫁接对降低白肋烟烟碱的效果,以及对烟叶常规化学成分和感官质量的影响。【方法】以紫皮茄子和白肋烟品种鄂烟1号为材料进行大田栽培试验,试验共设3个处理:T1:正常生长的白肋烟鄂烟1号;T2:白肋烟自嫁(接穗和砧木都为鄂烟1号);T3:白肋烟与茄子嫁接(以鄂烟1号为接穗,紫皮茄子为砧木)。【结果】(1)烟茄嫁接后,白肋烟烟株形态建成和农艺性状无明显改变。(2)烟茄嫁接的鲜烟叶及调制后烟叶生物碱含量显著降低,其中调制后上部叶和中部叶烟碱含量分别降低至0.1201%和0.0880%;烟茄嫁接的烟叶总糖、还原糖、淀粉、氨基酸含量升高,硝酸盐、总氮、蛋白质含量降低,调制后烟叶NNN、NNK以及TSNAs含量显著降低。(3)烟茄嫁接后烟叶的烟气浓度、香气质无显著变化,但香气量减少,劲头、刺激性减小。【结论】烟茄嫁接可在不影响烟株农艺性状的基础上大幅降低烟叶烟碱含量,烟叶其他化学成分含量和烟叶感官质量指标受到不同程度影响。

【Objective】This paper aims to study the effects of grafting of tobacco with eggplant on reducing nicotine of burley tobacco and its effects on conventional chemical components and sensory quality of tobacco leaves.【Methods】Field cultivation experiments were carried out with purple eggplant and burley tobacco cultivar Eyan1 as materials.There were three treatments in the experiment:T1:Normal growing burley tobacco Eyan1;T2:Scion and rootstock are burley tobacco(Scion and rootstock are all Eyan1);T3:Burley tobacco was grafted with eggplant(Eyan1 is scion and purple eggplant is rootstock).【Results】(1)After grafting with eggplant as rootstock,there was no significant change in morphological construction and agronomic characters of burley tobacco.(2)The content of alkaloid in fresh tobacco leaves and cured tobacco leaves decreased significantly after grafting,and the content of nicotine in upper and middle leaves of cured tobacco decreased to 0.1201%and 0.0880%respectively.The contents of total sugar,reducing sugar,starch and amino acid in grafted tobacco leaves all increased,while the contents of nitrate,total nitrogen and protein decreased.The contents of NNN,NNK and TSNAs in tobacco leaves after grafting and curing decreased significantly.(3)There were no significant changes in smoke concentration and aroma quality of grafted tobacco leaves,but the quantity of aroma,vigor and irritability were decreased.【Conclusion】Grafting of burley tobacco can significantly reduce the nicotine content of tobacco leaves without significantly affecting the agronomic traits of tobacco plants,but the content of other chemical components and sensory quality indicators of tobacco leaves can be affected to varying degrees.