严重精神障碍患者监护人健康教育现状及需求调查

Investigation and needs for health education among guardians of severe mental disorders patients

目的通过调查广州市严重精神障碍患者监护人接受健康教育的现状及健康教育需求,为当前此类疾病监护人的健康教育模式和方法优化提供科学依据。方法采用调查问卷形式,在广州市随机抽取10个社区,对广州市精神卫生信息系统中在册在管的321名严重精神障碍患者监护人进行问卷调查,采用SPSS软件对结果进行统计分析。结果回收有效问卷共283份。现状调查显示,调查对象监护患者的疾病诊断以精神分裂症为主,大多数与患者同住。82.33%(233/283)的调查对象有接受健康教育的经历,其学习形式主要为参加社区或医院开展的讲座,学习健康教育的内容居前三位依次为精神疾病相关知识、监护人权责教育及用药指导。85.84%(200/233)的对现有的健康教育感到满意或比较满意。需求分析显示,70.67%(200/283)的调查对象有接受健康教育的需求,接受度最高的开展健康教育频次为半年一次,期望最高的健康教育形式为社区或医院开展讲座,期望增加健康教育内容的首要需求是监护人的不良情绪应对技巧,其次是监护人与患者的沟通技巧和心理压力调节指导。结论严重精神障碍患者监护人对现有的健康教育满意度总体上相对较高,但仍期望增加不良情绪应对技巧、沟通技巧、心理压力调节指导内容。监护人的健康教育应关注其需求特点,优化健康教育模式和方法,以取得更好、更有针对性的效果,以促进患者康复。

Objective Investigate and analyze the needs for health education among guardians of severe mental disorders patients,in order to provide theoretical clues of optimizing the existing health education model and methods.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used among the 321 guardians of patients with severe mental disorders registered in the Guangzhou Mental Health Information System from 10 communities of Guangzhou,and the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS.Results 283 valid questionnaires were collected.By investigation,schizophrenia was the main disease diagnosis of the patients and most of guardians lived with the patients.233 of 283(82.33%)guardians had health education experience and mainly participated through community or hospital lectures.The top three contents of health education they most learned were knowledge about mental diseases,informing guardians of their duties and rights and medication guidance.200 of 233(85.84%)were satisfied with the existing health education.Among 283 guardians,200 of 283(70.67%)expressed the need for health education.The most accepted frequency of carrying out health education was once a half year,and the most expected form of health education was still community or hospital lectures.The primary need for health education content was coping skills for negative emotions.The second need was communication skills with patients and the third need was guidance on psychological stress regulation.Conclusion Guardians of severe mental disorders patients had strong need for health education and the satisfaction of existing health education is relatively high.However,the contents of health education still were expected to involve in emotional regulation and communication skills.Thus we should focus on guardians’demand characteristics,so as to optimize existing health education model and achieve better health education effect.