机械门控阳离子通道Piezo1与动脉粥样硬化研究进展

Research progress of mechanically gated cation channel Piezo1 and atherosclerosis

Piezo1蛋白是一种非选择性机械门控阳离子通道,在机械刺激作用下,可以引起钙、钠、钾等阳离子内流,进而将机械信号转化为生物电信号,并将信号整合至细胞内,参与多种生理和病理过程。Piezo1蛋白广泛存在于心血管系统中,在血流剪切应力和血管张力传感、血管发育和新生、血管重塑等许多心血管活动中发挥重要作用。Piezo1可感受血流剪切应力和血管张力的变化,其表达也受到二者的影响,进而影响血管内皮细胞的形态、排列、合成、分泌、炎症和黏附等功能。Piezo1也可调控巨噬细胞的迁移、炎症反应和脂质吞噬等,参与调控动脉粥样硬化的发生发展。血管平滑肌细胞增殖同样受到Piezo1的调控,进而影响血管壁的重构。本文主要综述Piezo1通道的发现、结构和功能,以及在动脉粥样硬化方面的研究进展,以期为动脉粥样硬化的防治提供新的思路。

Piezo1 protein is a non-selective mechanically gated cation channel.Under the action of mechanical stimulation,it can cause the influx of cations such as calcium,sodium,potassium,etc.,and then convert the mechanical signals into bioelectrical signals,and integrate the signals into cells to participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes.Piezo1 protein widely exists in the cardiovascular system,and plays an important role in many cardiovascular activities,such as blood flow shear stress and vascular tension sensing,vascular development and angiogenesis,and vascular remodeling.Piezo1 can sense the changes of blood flow shear stress and vascular tension,and its expression is also affected by them,thus affecting the morphology,arrangement,synthesis,secretion,inflammation and adhesion of vascular endothelial cells.Piezo1 can also regulate the migration,inflammatory reaction and lipid phagocytosis of macrophages,and participate in regulating the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells is also regulated by Piezo1,which then affects the remodeling of vascular wall.This article mainly reviews the discovery,structure and function of Piezo1 channel,and its research progress in atherosclerosis,in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.