补体系统在视网膜脱离相关光感受器细胞死亡中的作用

Recent advances of complement system related to photoreceptor death in retinal detachment

视网膜脱离(retinal detachment,RD)是视网膜的神经上皮层与色素上皮层(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)的分离,多种常见影响视力的视网膜疾病都会引起RD,而只有2/5的患者可以通过手术复位视网膜恢复0.5及以上的视力,其中光感受器细胞死亡是RD后视功能不可逆的最终原因。光感受器细胞死亡的发病机制复杂,除了凋亡、自噬外,近日有研究表明补体系统的激活也是重要机制之一。当视网膜的神经上皮和RPE分离时,光感受器细胞失去来自RPE的氧气造成低氧状态,产生过度的活性氧使视网膜处于氧化应激状态从而激活补体系统,最终导致光感受器细胞死亡。本文针对补体系统在RD光感受器细胞死亡中的作用进行综述,以期为临床治疗提供新的思路。

Retinal detachment is the separation of the neuroepithelial layer and the pigment epithelium of the retina.Many retina diseases affected vision may cause RD.Photoreceptor cell death plays a key role in the irreversible visual function after RD.The pathogenesis of photoreceptor cell death is complex.Recent studies have shown that the activation of complement system is one of the important mechanisms.Photoreceptor cell lacks oxygen from RPE when the retinal neuroepithelium and pigment epithelium are separated,resulting in hypoxia.Then excessive production of reactive oxygen species and subsequently oxidative damage activate the complement system,which eventually leads to the death of photoreceptor cells.We summarized the current knowledge of complement system and its role in photoreceptor cell death after RD.Understanding the role of complement in RD may benefit to make an effective neuroprotective strategy for photoreceptor cell loss after RD.