数据权益纠纷司法裁判的价值准则

Value Criteria for Judicial Decisions on Data Rights Disputes

价值判断是法律适用的一种通行方法,而价值判断的前提是需要明确价值准则。提炼和归纳司法裁判的价值准则,有利于理解实定法的精神,实现法律的内在价值。法院已经审理了相当数量的数据权益纠纷案件,司法裁判情况反映出数据领域法律供给不足的缺憾。既表现为某些法律保护门槛较高,无法契合数据特性和应用形态;也表现为相关法律条款原则性强,难以为市场主体提供稳定的预期。安全至上原则、互联互通原则、公益优先原则和贡献定酬原则源于法律规范、产业特性、社会需求和司法经验,可以成为数据权益纠纷司法裁判的价值准则,有助于实现数据权益相关主体的利益平衡,保障数据要素市场的发展。

Value judgment is a common method of law application,and the prerequisite for value judgment is to clarify the value criterion.Refining and summarizing the value criterion of judicial decision is helpful to understand the spirit of positive law and realize the intrinsic value of law.The courts have heard a considerable number of data rights dispute cases,but the judicial decisions in this regard refl ect the insuffi ciency in the supply of laws in the fi eld of data.This is refl ected in the fact that some legal protection has a high threshold and is unable to match the characteristics and application forms of data,or that relevant provisions of laws are very principled,making it diffi cult to provide a stable expectations for market entities.The principles of safety first,the principle of interconnection and interoperability,public interest priority,and remuneration for each contribution stem from legal norms,industrial characteristics,social needs,and judicial experience,can serve as the value criteria for judicial adjudication of disputes over data rights and interests,helping to balance the interests of subjects related to data rights and ensure the development of the data element market.