论个人信息权益的行使与救济机制

Exercise and Remedy Mechanisms for Rights and Interests of Personal Information

个人在个人信息处理活动中的权利并非独立的权利,而是个人信息权益的权能。知情权与决定权属于个人信息权益的基础权能,无需行使,它们由个人信息处理规则、个人信息处理者的义务以及查阅权、复制权、删除权等其他个人在个人信息处理活动中的权利来加以保障。个人信息处理者应建立相应的申请受理与处理机制保障个人在个人信息处理活动中的权利得以实现。个人信息处理者拒绝个人行使权利以及行政机关的查处等,均非个人向法院提起诉讼的前置程序。个人信息处理者不同,个人提起诉讼的类型也不同。个人信息权益遭受侵害时,个人有权要求加害人停止侵害、排除妨碍以及消除危险并适用人格权禁令程序。

The rights of individuals in personal information processing activities are not independent rights,but the powers of personal information rights.The right to know and the right to decide belong to the basic power of the rights and interests of personal information,which need not be exercised specifi cally,but are guaranteed by the personal information processing rules,the right to access,copy,delete and other rights of individuals in personal information processing activities and the obligations of personal information processors.Personal information processors should establish corresponding application acceptance and processing mechanisms to ensure the realization of individual rights in personal information processing activities.The refusal of personal information processors to exercise their rights and the investigation and handling of administrative organs are not the pre procedure for individuals to bring a lawsuit to the court.Diff erent personal information processors have diff erent types of lawsuits fi led by individuals.When the rights and interests of personal information are infringed,individuals have the right to require the perpetrator to stop the infringement,remove the obstruction and eliminate the danger,and apply the procedure of prohibition of personality rights.