中美高中主流物理教材实验难度及探究水平的比较

Comparison of experimental difficulty and inquiry level of high school typical physics textbooks in China with the United States

从实验内容、器材、难度、探究水平及探究技能等方面对中美高中主流物理教材实验进行了全面的量化比较研究.研究表明:中美教材实验内容各具特色,但都注重探究类实验;中国教材实验器材彰显现代化,美国教材则更注重生活化;中国教材实验总难度高于美国教材,但平均实验难度低于美国教材;中美教材的探究水平表征均较低,且各环节不均衡,美国教材表现相对略好.另外,在目的确定环节,中国教材探究水平高于美国;在方案实施、结论形成、反思交流3个环节,美国教材探究水平高于中国,方案设计环节差异较小.在探究技能表征方面,美国教材偏重于分析解释技能的表征,中国教材偏重于观察技能的表征.

A comprehensive quantitative comparative study had been carried out on the experiments of high school typical physics textbooks in China with the United States from the aspects of experiment content,equipment,difficulty,inquiry level and inquiry skills.The research showed that though the experimental contents of Chinese and American textbooks had their own characteristics,they both paid attention to the inquiry experiments.Chinese textbooks were modernized,while American textbooks were life-oriented.The total difficulty of Chinese textbooks was higher than that of American textbooks,but the average difficulty was lower than that of American textbooks.The representation of inquiry level in Chinese and American textbooks was both low,and each link was unbalanced,but the performance of American textbooks was relatively slightly better.In the link of purpose determination,the inquiry level of Chinese textbooks was significantly higher than those of the United States.In the three links of scheme implementation,conclusion formation,and reflection and exchange,the inquiry level of American textbooks was significantly higher than Chinese,and there was little difference in the link of scheme design.In addition,in terms of the representation of inquiry skills,American textbooks focused on the representation of analysis and interpretation skills,while Chinese textbooks focused on the representation of observation skills.