摘要
亚里士多德的经典著作《诗学》的创新之一是对“卡塔西斯”(katharsis)即借助恐惧和怜悯净化感情的发现。然而,由于亚里士多德本人并未对这一术语给出明确的定义,因而学界对“卡塔西斯”的理解言人人殊、莫衷一是,并且围绕这一概念展开了多角度的深入讨论与探索,研究精深却不够全面。为了对“卡塔西斯”有一个系统性的认识,本文立足于前人的研究,将从解读“卡塔西斯”的内涵、分析“卡塔西斯”的对象、探寻“卡塔西斯”的价值三个方面出发,辨析“净化”“陶冶”与“宣泄”这三种译法,剖析“怜悯与恐惧”这两种情绪,探析“灵与肉的疗愈”这两种功用,从而加深对“卡塔西斯”的认识,更好地理解亚氏的悲剧思想。
One of the innovations of Aristotle’s classic writing Poetics is the discovery of“katharsis”,or the purification of emotions through fear and compassion.However,since Aristotle himself did not give a clear definition of this term,academic circles have formed different understandings of“katharsis”and have carried out multi-angle in-depth discussions and explorations.Such research,while broad and profound,is still open to further probing.In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of“katharsis”,in light of existing literature,this article will attempt to dissect the three translations of the term,namely,“purification”,“cultivation”and“catharsis”by assessing the connotation of“katharsis”,its objects and its value.In the process,it proposes an analysis of the two emotions of compassion and fear,and explores the dual functions of healing soul and body.Such exercise can hopefully yield a deepened understanding of“katharsis”and a better grasp of Aristotle’s reflections on tragedy.
