人乳头瘤病毒检测和免疫治疗研究进展

Research Progress of Human Papilloma Virus Detection and Immunotherapy

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)经感染后能引起头颈和直肠恶性肿瘤、宫颈癌、良性增生性疾病,在临床具有极高发病率,不仅影响女性健康,并且增加家庭经济负担。而早期进行快速、有效、可靠的HPV检测十分重要,能及早发现疾病、早期治疗。目前临床对HPV的检测方式较多,主要有杂交捕捉法HC-2、DNA原位杂交、聚合酶链反应、免疫组织化学检测、高危型HPV mRNA检测等。而在常见检测方式中,DNA/RNA微阵列、芯片技术、HPV病毒蛋白免疫组化等技术在HPV检测中具有重要意义,但未在临床受到广泛推广。目前临床已经研发多种类型的疫苗,如核酸、基于细胞的疫苗、活载体、蛋白质等,越来越多的新型免疫治疗在临床广泛应用,如过继性T细胞疗法、免疫检查点抑制剂,但上述方式仍处于评估阶段。

Human papilloma virus(HPV)infection can cause head,neck and rectal malignant tumors,cervical cancer,and benign proliferative diseases.It has a very high clinical incidence,which not only affects women's health,but also increases the economic burden of families.It is very important to carry out rapid,effective and reliable HPV detection in the early stage,so as to detect the disease and treat the disease in the early stage.At present,there are many clinical detection methods for HPV,mainly including hybridization capture method HC-2,DNA in situ hybridization,polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemical detection,and high-risk HPV mRNA detection.Among the common detection methods,DNA/RNA microarray,chip technology,HPV virus protein immunohistochemistry and other technologies are of great significance in HPV detection,but they have not been widely promoted in clinical practice.At present,various types of vaccines have been developed clinically,such as nucleic acids,cellbased vaccines,live vectors,proteins,etc.,and increasing new immunotherapies are also widely used in clinical practice,such as adoptive T cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.The above approach is still in the evaluation stage.